Download Company: E=MC2 Carolina Gonzalez Villarreal #10 Denmark 8b

Company: E=MC2
Carolina Gonzalez Villarreal
#10
Denmark 8b
Researching
Magnetism is a force of attraction or repulsion that acts at a distance. It is due to
a magnetic field, which is caused by moving electrically charged particles. It is also
inherent in magnetic objects such as a magnet.
A magnet is an object that exhibits a strong magnetic field and will attract materials like
iron to it. Magnets have two poles, called the north (N) and south (S) poles. Two magnets
will be attracted by their opposite poles, and each will repel the like pole of the other
magnet. Magnetism has many uses in modern life.
Magnetic field
A magnetic field consists of imaginary lines of flux coming from moving or spinning
electrically charged particles. Examples include the spin of a proton and the motion of
electrons through a wire in an electric circuit.
What a magnetic field actually consists of is somewhat of a mystery, but we do know it is a
special property of space.
Magnetic field or lines of flux of a moving charged particle
Names of poles
The lines of magnetic flux flow from one end of the object to the other. By convention, we
call one end of a magnetic object the N or North-seeking pole and the other the S or
South-seeking pole, as related to the Earth's North and South magnetic poles. The
magnetic flux is defined as moving from N to S.
As you know, the N-end of a compass points toward the Earth's North Magnetic Pole and the Npole of a bar magnet repels the N-end of a compass. However, designating the ends of a compass
and bar magnet as N and S has brought about confusion regarding the actual direction of the
Earth's magnetic field.
The present convention is that the North Magnetic Pole of the Earth is the
south pole of the magnetic substance of the Earth's core. Likewise, the South
Magnetic Pole is the north pole of the magnetic substance.
Note: The Earth does not follow the magnetic configuration in the above illustration.
Instead, the lines of flux are opposite from a moving charged particle.
Magnets
Although individual particles such as electrons can have magnetic fields, larger objects
such as a piece of iron can also have a magnetic field, as a sum of the fields of its particles.
If a larger object exhibits a sufficiently great magnetic field, it is called a magnet.
A magnet is an object or material that attracts certain metals, such as iron, nickel and cobalt. It can
also attract or repel another magnet. All magnets have North-seeking (N) and South-seeking (S)
poles. When magnets are placed near each other, opposite poles attract and like poles repel each
other. Various electrical devices make use of magnets.
Types of magnets
There are permanent magnets, temporary magnets and electromagnets.
Permanent magnets
A permanent magnet is one that will hold its magnetic properties over a long period of time.
Magnetite
Magnetite is a magnetic material found in nature. It is a permanent magnet, but it is relatively
weak.
Alloys
Most permanent magnets we use are manufactured and are a combination or alloy of iron, nickel
and cobalt. Rare-earth permanent magnets are a special type of magnet that can have extreme
strength.
Temporary magnets
A temporary magnet is one that will lose its magnetism. For example, soft iron can be made into a
temporary magnet, but it will lose its magnetic power in a short while.
Magnetic force
The magnetic field of an object can create a magnetic force on other objects with magnetic fields.
That force is what we call magnetism.
When a magnetic field is applied to a moving electric charge, such as a moving proton or the
electrical current in a wire, the force on the charge is called a Lorentz force.
Attraction
When two magnets or magnetic objects are close to each other, there is a force that attracts the
poles together.
Force attracts N to S
Magnets also strongly attract ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel and cobalt.
Repulsion
When two magnetic objects have like poles facing each other, the magnetic force pushes them
apart.
Force pushes magnetic objects apart
Magnetic and electric fields
The magnetic and electric fields are both similar and different. They are also inter-related.
Electric charges and magnetism similar
Just as the positive (+) and negative (−) electrical charges attract each other, the N and S poles of a
magnet attract each other.
In electricity like charges repel, and in magnetism like poles repel.
Electric charges and magnetism different
The magnetic field is a dipole field. That means that every magnet must have two poles.
On the other hand, a positive (+) or negative (−) electrical charge can stand alone. Electrical
charges are called monopoles, since they can exist without the opposite charge.
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Apa:
Basics of Magnetism - School for Champions. (n.d.).
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an experiment.
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