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Biology 155 Practice Exam 1 September 16, 2013 Name________________________ 1. Which is NOT a fundamental property of living things? a. energy use b. evolutionary adaptation c. death from old age d. tendency to reproduce 6. Which is the normal order of events in the scientific process? a. question, prediction, observation, hypothesis, test b. hypothesis, observation, prediction, question, test c. observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, test d. test, observation, hypothesis, prediction, question 2. Griffith experimented with the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae and found that the R strain would not kill mice but the S strain would. He also found that the S strain could be killed by heating and killed S had no effect on mice. However, mixtures of live R and killed S could kill mice. From these observations he hypothesized: a. mice were sensitive to live R when dead S cells were present b. his original observations were in error c. dead strain S could transform R to S d. live strain R could transform dead S to live S 7. Which statement about scientific theories and scientific hypotheses is NOT correct? a. a theory is an explanation that has support b. observations are required for the development of a theory c. you can only have an a hypothesis after you’ve conducted an experiment d. a hypothesis is a potential explanation 3. The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is black in polluted forests and gray in unpolluted forests. This is caused by: a. a physiological response to a stimulus b. the toxic effects of pollution c. the formation of new species d. differential survival of moths of different colors 4. An idea about the nature of a phenomenon that is a logical explanation for its underlying cause, but that has not been tested critically is a. a hypothesis b. an observation c. a prediction d. a theory 5. Avery, McCleod and McCarty worked with the same strains of bacteria as Griffith. However, they went a step further and treated the heat killed S strain with protease before mixing with R. After this they cultured the mixture and found live S strain cells growing among the R. From this experiment they concluded: a. the original heat killed S were not really dead b. DNA is the genetic material c. protein is not the genetic material d. protease had no effect on the mixture 8. Which line of evidence was NOT used by Darwin to support his theory of evolution? a. the fact that all islands have the same species b. fossil evidence that living things had changed through time c. the similar development of many organisms d. the geographic distribution of organisms 9. According to Darwin's theory of evolution a. adaptations are produced for the survival of species b. species can change through time c. tortoises are the modern descendents of glyptodonts d. new species originate spontaneously 10. Two atoms are different elements if a. they have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei b. they have a different atomic mass c. they have different numbers of protons in their nuclei d. they have different numbers of orbitals 11. Which statement about chemical elements is NOT correct? a. positively charged atoms have lost an electron b. negatively charged atoms have gained an electron c. the number of neutrons that an element has can vary slightly d. ions are forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons 12. Calcium is element number 20. How many electrons does it have in its outermost electron shell? a. 20 b . 18 c. 4 d. 2 13. Calcium has an average atomic mass of about 40. How many neutrons do most calcium atoms have in their nuclei? a. 2 b. 18 c. 20 d. 40 19. When CO2 is dissolved in water the following reactions happen: H2O + CO2 ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO-3 If a small amount of an acid is added to this solution the pH will decrease only slightly. In addition: a. the amount of HCO-3 will increase b. the amount of CO2 will increase c. the amount of H2O water will decrease d. the amount of H+ will decrease 14. Which statement about chemical bonds is NOT correct? a. ionic bonds dissociate readily in water b. hydrogen bonds are stronger than ionic bonds c. ionically bound atoms associate because of charge differences d. covalent bonds are the result of electron sharing 20. Which statement about biological molecules is NOT correct a. all nucleotides contain phosphate b. sucrose is a monosaccharide c. fatty acids are one component of phospholipids d. a dipeptide is composed of two amino acids 15. Molecules of water are polar because a. hydrogen bonds form between water molecules b. electrons are more likely in orbit around the oxygen nucleus c. water is liquid at room temperature d. electrons are more likely in orbit around the two hydrogen nuclei. 21. Carbohydrates a. are composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen in a 1:2:1 ratio b. are important in the formation of cell membranes c. are composed of water and carbon in a 2:1 ratio d. are important sources of chemical energy for most cells 16. Which statement about water is NOT correct? a. It has a high specific heat b. It has a low heat of vaporization c. It ionizes d. It is cohesive and adhesive 22. A carbohydrate is NOT an important part of the structure of which molecule? a. ATP b. cholesterol c. a phospholipid d. starch 17. Hydrogen bonds are important factors in the properties of many biological molecules. Which molecule is least likely to form hydrogen bonds? a. monosaccharides b. cholesterol c. nucleic acids d. amino acids 23. A triglyceride that is solid at room temperature is most likely a. a major component of cell membranes b. produced by a plant c. composed of saturated fatty acids d. composed of unsaturated fatty acids. 18. Which statement about the pH of a solution is NOT correct? a. basic solutions have more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions b. if the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is 0.00100, then the pH is 3 c. the addition of an acid to a solution will lower the pH d. buffered solutions resist change in pH 24. Lipids have a diverse set of functions in living things. Which is NOT a normal use for lipids? a. cell membranes b. energy storage c. hormones d. information storage 25. Which statement about phospholipids is NOT correct? a. they have hydrophilic heads b. they have hydrophobic tails c. they have fatty acid heads d. they form bilayers with their heads pointed outwards 26. Which types of molecules are NOT normally found associated with cell membranes? a. proteins b. sterols c. nucleotides d. phospholipids 27. Which set of building blocks does NOT match the macromolecule? building block macromolecule a. nucleotide DNA b. amino acid polypeptide c. fatty acid triglyceride d. simple sugar cholesterol 28. Which statement about protein structure is NOT correct? a. ionic bonds can be important in maintaining tertiary structure b. a protein with quaternary structure consists of at least two polypeptides c. a change in the primary structure does not change the tertiary structure d. secondary structure is the result of interactions between neighboring amino acids 29. Which is NOT important in determining the conformation (shape) of a protein? a. the pH of the medium b. hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions c. the temperature of the medium d. the type of peptide bond between amino acids 30. Proteins serve many important roles in living things. Which is NOT a normal use for proteins? a. catalysts of biological reactions b. hormones c. a component of bone d. energy storage 31. Phospholipids contain a. a choline group, glycerol and two fatty acids b. a carboxyl group and an amino group c. three fatty acid chains d. a phosphate group, glycerol, and a sugar 32. DNA and RNA are very similar molecules. Which is not true of both molecules? a. they both have sugar-phosphate backbones b. they can both be described as having a 5 to 3 orientation c. information can be contained in both d. they both can contain thymine 33. If you were to compare your own chemical composition to that of an earthworm and a pine tree, which class of molecules would have the greatest difference in structure? a. triglycerides b. RNA c. monosaccharides d. amino acids 34. Which is found in some eukaryotes but NOT in prokaryotes? a. ribosomes b. phospholipid cell membranes c. cell walls d. chromosomes 35. According to Cell Theory a. most organisms are composed of more than one cell b. biological macromolecules are the basic units of all organisms c. cells are the functional units of life d. eukaryotic cells evolved by symbiosis with bacteria 36. Which organelle has a double membrane structure? a. chloroplast b. ribosome c. centiole d. endoplasmic reticulum 37. Which does NOT have microtubules as an important part of its structure? a. lysosome b. cytoskeleton c. centrioles d. basal body 38. Cells of the small intestine synthesize and secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes. The following events are all important in the process of synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes A. concentration in the Golgi apparatus B. movement of the polypeptide within the ER C. fusion with the cell membrane D. packaging in a transfer vesicle E. packaging in a secretory vesicle F. synthesis of a polypeptide on the surface of the rough ER Which is the correct sequence of events? a. F → B → D → E → A → C b. F → E → B → A → D → C c. F → B → D → A→ E → C d. F → D → B → E → A→ C 39. If a bag made of a semipermeable membrane (permeable to water but not to solutes) was filled with a sugar solution and then submerged in a hypertonic salt solution, you would expect that a. sugars would leave the bag by diffusion b. salts would enter the bag by diffusion c. water would leave the bag by osmosis d. water would enter the bag by osmosis 40. If the rate of movement of a substance through a membrane always increases as the concentration difference on either side of the membrane increases then the substance must be moving through the membrane by a. facilitated diffusion b. active transport c. simple diffusion d. cotransport For up to 10 points credit toward your total exam score: Describe the “Endosymbiotic Theory for the Origin of Eukaryotes.” In your description cover the following points: 1. What does this theory explain? 2. What is the evidence for this theory? 3. Why is this considered a theory and not a hypothesis? You do not need to write the answer on this practice exam, but this is the essay you’ll have on Exam I. 41. Liver cells will normally concentrate sugars in their cytoplasm at levels much higher than the surrounding medium. However, when an inhibitor of the Na/K pump is added to the cell’s environment they loose their ability to concentrate sugars. Which is a reasonable hypothesis for the mechanism for sugar concentration? a. sugars are concentrated by cotransport b. sugars are concentrated by simple diffusion c. sugars move by osmosis d. sugars are concentrated by facilitated diffusion 42. Which statement about the movement of materials through cell membranes is NOT correct? a. facilitated diffusion requires a molecule in the membrane b. the Na/K pump pumps 3 Na ions for every 2 K ions c. during phagocytosis, particles are enclosed in a vesicle d. osmosis requires energy 43. According to the Theory of Chemiosmosis a. water moves from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration b. ATP is made using the energy provided by a proton gradient c. any solute can move through a semipermeable membrane d. the flow of electrons is used to power ATP formation Key 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c c d a c c c a b c 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 d d c b b b b a b b 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 d b c d c c d c d d 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 a d b d c a a c c c 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 a d b