Download Biology 155 Practice Exam 1

Biology 155 Practice Exam 1
September 16, 2013
Name________________________
1. Which is NOT a fundamental property of living
things?
a. energy use
b. evolutionary adaptation
c. death from old age
d. tendency to reproduce
6. Which is the normal order of events in the scientific
process?
a. question, prediction, observation, hypothesis, test
b. hypothesis, observation, prediction, question, test
c. observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, test
d. test, observation, hypothesis, prediction, question
2. Griffith experimented with the bacterium
Streptococcus pneumoniae and found that the R strain
would not kill mice but the S strain would. He also
found that the S strain could be killed by heating and
killed S had no effect on mice. However, mixtures of
live R and killed S could kill mice. From these
observations he hypothesized:
a. mice were sensitive to live R when dead S cells
were present
b. his original observations were in error
c. dead strain S could transform R to S
d. live strain R could transform dead S to live S
7. Which statement about scientific theories and
scientific hypotheses is NOT correct?
a. a theory is an explanation that has support
b. observations are required for the development of a
theory
c. you can only have an a hypothesis after you’ve
conducted an experiment
d. a hypothesis is a potential explanation
3. The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is black in
polluted forests and gray in unpolluted forests. This
is caused by:
a. a physiological response to a stimulus
b. the toxic effects of pollution
c. the formation of new species
d. differential survival of moths of different colors
4. An idea about the nature of a phenomenon that is a
logical explanation for its underlying cause, but that
has not been tested critically is
a. a hypothesis
b. an observation
c. a prediction
d. a theory
5. Avery, McCleod and McCarty worked with the same
strains of bacteria as Griffith. However, they went a
step further and treated the heat killed S strain with
protease before mixing with R. After this they
cultured the mixture and found live S strain cells
growing among the R. From this experiment they
concluded:
a. the original heat killed S were not really dead
b. DNA is the genetic material
c. protein is not the genetic material
d. protease had no effect on the mixture
8. Which line of evidence was NOT used by Darwin to
support his theory of evolution?
a. the fact that all islands have the same species
b. fossil evidence that living things had changed
through time
c. the similar development of many organisms
d. the geographic distribution of organisms
9. According to Darwin's theory of evolution
a. adaptations are produced for the survival of
species
b. species can change through time
c. tortoises are the modern descendents of
glyptodonts
d. new species originate spontaneously
10. Two atoms are different elements if
a. they have different numbers of neutrons in their
nuclei
b. they have a different atomic mass
c. they have different numbers of protons in their
nuclei
d. they have different numbers of orbitals
11. Which statement about chemical elements is NOT
correct?
a. positively charged atoms have lost an electron
b. negatively charged atoms have gained an electron
c. the number of neutrons that an element has can
vary slightly
d. ions are forms of an element with different
numbers of neutrons
12. Calcium is element number 20. How many electrons
does it have in its outermost electron shell?
a. 20
b . 18
c. 4
d. 2
13. Calcium has an average atomic mass of about 40.
How many neutrons do most calcium atoms have in
their nuclei?
a. 2
b. 18
c. 20
d. 40
19. When CO2 is dissolved in water the following
reactions happen:
H2O + CO2 ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO-3
If a small amount of an acid is added to this solution
the pH will decrease only slightly. In addition:
a. the amount of HCO-3 will increase
b. the amount of CO2 will increase
c. the amount of H2O water will decrease
d. the amount of H+ will decrease
14. Which statement about chemical bonds is NOT
correct?
a. ionic bonds dissociate readily in water
b. hydrogen bonds are stronger than ionic bonds
c. ionically bound atoms associate because of charge
differences
d. covalent bonds are the result of electron sharing
20. Which statement about biological molecules is NOT
correct
a. all nucleotides contain phosphate
b. sucrose is a monosaccharide
c. fatty acids are one component of phospholipids
d. a dipeptide is composed of two amino acids
15. Molecules of water are polar because
a. hydrogen bonds form between water molecules
b. electrons are more likely in orbit around the
oxygen nucleus
c. water is liquid at room temperature
d. electrons are more likely in orbit around the two
hydrogen nuclei.
21. Carbohydrates
a. are composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen in
a 1:2:1 ratio
b. are important in the formation of cell membranes
c. are composed of water and carbon in a 2:1 ratio
d. are important sources of chemical energy for most
cells
16. Which statement about water is NOT correct?
a. It has a high specific heat
b. It has a low heat of vaporization
c. It ionizes
d. It is cohesive and adhesive
22. A carbohydrate is NOT an important part of the
structure of which molecule?
a. ATP
b. cholesterol
c. a phospholipid d. starch
17. Hydrogen bonds are important factors in the
properties of many biological molecules. Which
molecule is least likely to form hydrogen bonds?
a. monosaccharides
b. cholesterol
c. nucleic acids
d. amino acids
23. A triglyceride that is solid at room temperature is
most likely
a. a major component of cell membranes
b. produced by a plant
c. composed of saturated fatty acids
d. composed of unsaturated fatty acids.
18. Which statement about the pH of a solution is NOT
correct?
a. basic solutions have more hydrogen ions than
hydroxyl ions
b. if the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
is 0.00100, then the pH is 3
c. the addition of an acid to a solution will lower the
pH
d. buffered solutions resist change in pH
24. Lipids have a diverse set of functions in living things.
Which is NOT a normal use for lipids?
a. cell membranes
b. energy storage
c. hormones
d. information storage
25. Which statement about phospholipids is NOT
correct?
a. they have hydrophilic heads
b. they have hydrophobic tails
c. they have fatty acid heads
d. they form bilayers with their heads pointed
outwards
26. Which types of molecules are NOT normally found
associated with cell membranes?
a. proteins
b. sterols
c. nucleotides
d. phospholipids
27. Which set of building blocks does NOT match the
macromolecule?
building block macromolecule
a. nucleotide
DNA
b. amino acid
polypeptide
c. fatty acid
triglyceride
d. simple sugar cholesterol
28. Which statement about protein structure is NOT
correct?
a. ionic bonds can be important in maintaining
tertiary structure
b. a protein with quaternary structure consists of at
least two polypeptides
c. a change in the primary structure does not change
the tertiary structure
d. secondary structure is the result of interactions
between neighboring amino acids
29. Which is NOT important in determining the
conformation (shape) of a protein?
a. the pH of the medium
b. hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
c. the temperature of the medium
d. the type of peptide bond between amino acids
30. Proteins serve many important roles in living things.
Which is NOT a normal use for proteins?
a. catalysts of biological reactions
b. hormones
c. a component of bone
d. energy storage
31. Phospholipids contain
a. a choline group, glycerol and two fatty acids
b. a carboxyl group and an amino group
c. three fatty acid chains
d. a phosphate group, glycerol, and a sugar
32. DNA and RNA are very similar molecules. Which is
not true of both molecules?
a. they both have sugar-phosphate backbones
b. they can both be described as having a 5 to 3
orientation
c. information can be contained in both
d. they both can contain thymine
33. If you were to compare your own chemical
composition to that of an earthworm and a pine tree,
which class of molecules would have the greatest
difference in structure?
a. triglycerides
b. RNA
c. monosaccharides
d. amino acids
34. Which is found in some eukaryotes but NOT in
prokaryotes?
a. ribosomes
b. phospholipid cell membranes
c. cell walls
d. chromosomes
35. According to Cell Theory
a. most organisms are composed of more than one
cell
b. biological macromolecules are the basic units of
all organisms
c. cells are the functional units of life
d. eukaryotic cells evolved by symbiosis with
bacteria
36. Which organelle has a double membrane structure?
a. chloroplast
b. ribosome
c. centiole
d. endoplasmic reticulum
37. Which does NOT have microtubules as an important
part of its structure?
a. lysosome
b. cytoskeleton
c. centrioles
d. basal body
38. Cells of the small intestine synthesize and secrete
large amounts of digestive enzymes. The following
events are all important in the process of synthesis
and secretion of digestive enzymes
A. concentration in the Golgi apparatus
B. movement of the polypeptide within the ER
C. fusion with the cell membrane
D. packaging in a transfer vesicle
E. packaging in a secretory vesicle
F. synthesis of a polypeptide on the surface of the
rough ER
Which is the correct sequence of events?
a. F → B → D → E → A → C
b. F → E → B → A → D → C
c. F → B → D → A→ E → C
d. F → D → B → E → A→ C
39. If a bag made of a semipermeable membrane
(permeable to water but not to solutes) was filled with
a sugar solution and then submerged in a hypertonic
salt solution, you would expect that
a. sugars would leave the bag by diffusion
b. salts would enter the bag by diffusion
c. water would leave the bag by osmosis
d. water would enter the bag by osmosis
40. If the rate of movement of a substance through a
membrane always increases as the concentration
difference on either side of the membrane increases
then the substance must be moving through the
membrane by
a. facilitated diffusion
b. active transport
c. simple diffusion
d. cotransport
For up to 10 points credit toward your total exam
score:
Describe the “Endosymbiotic Theory for the Origin of
Eukaryotes.” In your description cover the following
points:
1. What does this theory explain?
2. What is the evidence for this theory?
3. Why is this considered a theory and not a
hypothesis?
You do not need to write the answer on this practice
exam, but this is the essay you’ll have on Exam I.
41. Liver cells will normally concentrate sugars in their
cytoplasm at levels much higher than the surrounding
medium. However, when an inhibitor of the Na/K
pump is added to the cell’s environment they loose
their ability to concentrate sugars. Which is a
reasonable hypothesis for the mechanism for sugar
concentration?
a. sugars are concentrated by cotransport
b. sugars are concentrated by simple diffusion
c. sugars move by osmosis
d. sugars are concentrated by facilitated diffusion
42. Which statement about the movement of materials
through cell membranes is NOT correct?
a. facilitated diffusion requires a molecule in the
membrane
b. the Na/K pump pumps 3 Na ions for every 2 K
ions
c. during phagocytosis, particles are enclosed in a
vesicle
d. osmosis requires energy
43. According to the Theory of Chemiosmosis
a. water moves from areas of lower solute
concentration to areas of higher solute
concentration
b. ATP is made using the energy provided by a
proton gradient
c. any solute can move through a semipermeable
membrane
d. the flow of electrons is used to power ATP
formation
Key
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
c
c
d
a
c
c
c
a
b
c
11
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20
d
d
c
b
b
b
b
a
b
b
21
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30
d
b
c
d
c
c
d
c
d
d
31
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a
d
b
d
c
a
a
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c
c
41
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a
d
b