Download Lecture 3 - personal.kent.edu

Physiological Psychology 41363
Outline 3
I. Psychopharmacology
A. Review of synaptic transmission - lock and key
B. Psychoactive drugs
II. How drugs affect synaptic transmission
A. Mechanisms of neurotransmitter activity
1. Neurotrans. synthesized from precursors
2. Neurotrans stored in vesicles
3. Any neurotrans that leaks is destroyed
4. AP arrives, vesicles fuse with presynaptic membrane
and neurotrans molecules released into synapse
5. Neurotrans. may bind to autoreceptors
6. Neurotrans. binds to postsynaptic membrane
7. Reuptake or enzymatic degradation
III. Types of drugs
A. Agonists
B. Antagonists
IV. Types of neurotransmitters
A. Amino acid neurotrans
1. GABA
2. Glutamic acid
3. Glycine
B. Amines or monoamines
1. Norepinephrine
2. Epinephrine
3. Dopamine
4. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
Receptors a. nicotinic
b. muscarinic
V. Basic principles of drug action
A. Drug administration and absorption
1. Ingestion
2. Injection
3. Inhalation
4. Absorption
B. Drug metabolism
VI. Tolerance
A. Cross tolerance
B. Tolerance develops to some chars (effects) but not others
C. Types of tolerance
1. decreased drug binding (sequestering)
2. binding has less effect
3. membrane loses permeability
4. tolerance due to learning
-conditioned compensatory responses
VII. Withdrawal and dependence
VIII. Addiction - extreme dependence
IX. Types of drugs and those most commonly abused
A. Depressants - decrease behavioral activity: alcohol, barbiturates, antianxiety drugs (Valium)
-enhance the action of GABAa receptor
-alcohol also decreases DA effectiveness
B. Nicotine - serves as Ach agonist by binding to nicotinic receptors
C. Stimulants - caffeine, cocaine, amphetamine
-increase levels of DA and NE in the synapse
D. Opiates - opium poppy, morphine, heroin, codeine -mimic the effects of endorphins
E. Psychedelics - LSD, marijuana, psilocybin - alter states of consciousness: serotonin
antagonists
X. Mechanisms of drug abuse
A. physical-dependence theory of addiction
B. positive-incentive theory of addiction
C. Neural mechanisms
1. intracranial self-stimulation: Olds & Milner (1954)
2. medial forebrain bundle
3. mesotelencephalic dopamine system