Download DNA Replication

DNA Replication
DNA Vocabulary Acquisition Reverse Crossword
Make a crossword using the words from the
vocabulary.
1. Write the words on the graph paper provided
in a crossword fashion.
2. Number each of the words in the order you
wrote them and frame the letters in individual
boxes.
3. On a separate sheet, write the corresponding
clues for words written across and down and
assign each a number.
You can use your vocabulary, notes, and or textbook to find
complete the assignment. Due end of period
Example:
1T
R
A
2N S
R
U
A
3C
N
L
S
E
F
O
E
T
R
I
R
D
N
E
H
C
R
I
B
E
R
O
M
O
T
I
N
A
Across
1. To rewrite; RNA does this with
DNA
3. Genetic material in the nucleus,
becomes chromosomes during mitosis
Down
1. Carries amino acids to the ribosome
2. monomer of nucleic acid; made of a sugar,
a phosphate and a nitrogen base
 Take this time to study for your midterm. We will turn
in Midterm Study Guides before the test.
 There is NO talking, cheating or electronic devices
permitted during the midterm. A violation will result in
a zero.
 After the midterm:
1. Finish the DNA puzzle activity from yesterday. Turn
in to basket
2. Finish the DNA Structure and Function practice
questions. Turn in to basket.
3. Work on completing Castle Learning or Missing
Assignments.
4. No one should be sitting without something to work
on.
Take Unit 4 Test Analysis out of folder. Make a
stack for folders and a separate stack for test
analysis.
What Do You Remember?
What do we already know about DNA…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic plant and
animal cells? Prokaryotic cells?
What is the shape of DNA in eukaryotic cells? In
prokaryotic cells?
DNA is what type of organic molecule?
DNA is made from what subunit or building block?
What is the function of DNA?
What is DNA?
 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
 The sugar is DeoxyRibose
 DNA is a NUCLEIC ACID
Why is DNA important?
 DNA is like the blueprint for your body!
 It is an extremely long strand of directions for all of
the proteins that allow living things to function
 Think of DNA as the recipe for making proteins
Where is DNA found?
 PROKARYOTES: Found in the cytoplasm
 EUKARYOTES: Found in the nucleus
How SIMILAR are you to the person
sitting next to you?
 You are 99% identical to the person sitting next to
you!!
 The only difference it the ORDER of your
NITROGEN BASES!
How is DNA STORED in eukaryotes?
 The DNA is compacted in the CHROMOSOMES
and stored in the nucleus
What is DNA made of (the subunits)?
 NUCLEOTIDES!!
What are the main parts of a
NUCLEOTIDE?
 Phosphate
 Sugar
 Nitrogen Base (A, T, C, G)
Label the parts of a Nucleotide
PHOSPHATE
NITROGEN BASE
SUGAR
What are the FOUR NITROGEN BAES?
 A = Adenine
 T =Thymine
 C =Cytosine
 G = Guanine
What is COMPLIMENTARY BASE
PAIRING?
 The same bases will ALWAYS pair together!
 A pairs with T
 C pairs with G
 ALWAYS!!! (Unless there is a mutation)
TRY IT!
 ATT
ATC
GTA
TCT
CAT
ATG
TCG
GAT
How is a DNA molecule MADE?
 Nucleotides come together
 Then, HYDROGEN bonds form between the
nitrogen bases
 This makes TWO strands of nucleotides which twist
into a DOUBLE HELIX
What is the SHAPE of DNA?
 DOUBLE HELIX
 It looks like a twisted ladder
 OR, a spiral staircase
What are HYDROGEN BONDS?
 The bonds that form between the nitrogen bases
 They are very WEAK and break easily
 This is how DNA is able to make new copies of itself!
DNA Math
 If there are 10 A’s, then there must be 10 T’s
 If there are 40 G’s then there must be 40 C’s
 So, if there are 30 A’s
 How many T?
DNA Math Example
There are 500 total bases in a specific DNA
molecule. Of the 500 bases, 100 are A’s.
 How many are T’s?
 How many are C’s?
 How many are G’s?
Building Our Own DNA Molecule
 You will be building a DNA Molecule
1) Answer the questions first on a separate sheet of
notebook paper
2) Color the DNA molecules according to the key on the
left hand side of the paper. OMIT number 3
deoxyribose
deoxyribose
phosphate
adenine
 3) Cut and assemble
A-T
T-A
C-G
G-C
Now complete the DNA Structure and Function
Practice questions
A
T
C
G
Exit Ticket and Closure
1.
Which statement is true about the DNA backbone?
a. It is made up of repeating nitrogen bases.
b. The backbone is held together by hydrogen bonds.
c. It is made up of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules.
d. It is made up of alternating nitrogen bases.
Don’t forget Castle Learning must be completed by this Friday
for Units 3 and 4
Unit 4 Test Analysis due tomorrow
Warmup 10/25
 Complete the DNA worksheet. Use your notes from
yesterday to help you.
 Get out DNA Structure and Function Practice questions
and midterm study guide answer sheet. I will come
around to check these.
 Once you have done both of these things, if you have not
finished the Building the DNA molecule activity, take this
time to do that.
DNA Replication
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdDkiRw1PdU&f
eature=related
What is DNA REPLICATION?
 NEW cells are made by copying
OLD cells
 Before a cell divides, you have to
copy or REPLICATE the DNA
REVIEW!
What stage of the cell cycle does
DNA Replication happen in?
When does DNA Replication occur?
During S –Phase of INTERPHASE
 S-Phase = Synthesis Phase
 The DNA Replicates (copies itself ) to prepare for cell
division (MITOSIS!!!)
Why does DNA REPLICATE?
 To get ready for cell division
 So each new cell has the same exact DNA!
What are the STEPS for DNA Replication?
An Enzyme “UNZIPS” the 2 strands of DNA by
breaking the weak Hydrogen bonds
2. New nucleotides are added to the old stand
1.

REVIEW: A = T and C = G
Another Enzyme “ZIPS” the strands back up
4. DNA Polymerase (an enzyme) “proofreads” the
strands to make sure there are no MISTAKES!
3.
What do you think
might happen if
there are mistakes?!
What is the ROLE of ENZYMES?
 Enzymes
help to:
1. Split the DNA in half
2. Put DNA back together
3. Proofread for any mistakes in the
base pairs
How is DNA Replication SEMICONSERVATIVE?
 When the DNA copies itself, it always has HALF of
the parental (OLD) strand and HALF of the
daughter (NEW) strand
 In other words: the DNA is HALF OLD and HALF
NEW
Class Demonstration of DNA Replication
DNA Replication Practice Questions
What are MUTATIONS?
 Changes in the genetic code (DNA)
 Can be: positive, negative or neutral
 Causes: UV radiation, chemicals, bad DNA
proofreading
 Can lead to CANCER
DNA Replication Practice
 DNA strand:
ATGGC
 Complementary DNA strand: _________
How to Find a Mutation…
 Original DNA Sequence:
T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T
 Complementary Strand:
A T C G G G A C C C G C T T G T G A
 Corrected Strand:
DNA Practice
 Quietly and Independently complete your DNA
Practice
DNA Exit Ticket
 Silent and Independently complete your Mini-quiz
DNA Complimentary Base Pairing
1.
With you group, create a nucleotide with the parts
you have
-Pay special attention to what should connect
2. One group will line up in a straight line
3. Next the Complimentary pairs will match up