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Name:_____________________Period:_________ Unit 8 Vocabulary _ Evolution PAGE 1 _____1. E Evolution H Fossils _____2. _____3. Abiogenesis J A. Theory that living things come only from other living things, by reproduction. B. The science of determining the relative order of past events (i.e., the age of an object in comparison to another), without necessarily determining their absolute age, (i.e. estimated age). C. The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution. A _____4. Biogenesis D. may cause either the gain of a new feature, or the loss of an ancestral feature _____5. G E. The change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Creating new species. F. The process of determining an age on a specified chronology in archaeology and geology. Some scientists prefer the terms chronometric or calendar dating, as use of the word "absolute" implies an unwarranted certainty of accuracy. Inherited Trait I _____6. Species D _____7. Evolutionary Adaptation B _____8. Relative Dating F _____9. Absolute Dating C _____10. Natural Selection G. A trait or character that is genetically inherited or passed down from generation to generation. H. Any preserved evidence of life from a past geological age; impressions and remains of organisms embedded in stratified rocks. Mineralized remains of an animal or plant. I. A group of closely related organisms that are very similar to each other and are usually capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. J. the supposed spontaneous origination of living organisms directly from lifeless matter—called also spontaneous generation Name:_____________________Period:_________ Unit 8 Vocabulary _ Evolution PAGE 2 A. The various structures in different species having the G _____1. Mimicry _____2. E Homologous Structures _____3. Analogous A Structures F _____4. Vestigial Structures same function but have evolved separately, thus do not share common ancestor. ... Examples of analogous structures are as follows: wings of insects and birds used for flying. B. A mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction. C. A mode of natural selection in which it favors the intermediate variants. It reduces phenotypic variation and maintains the status quo. D. The process by which a species evolves into two or more descendant or different forms. E. An example of an organ or bone that appears in C _____5. Stabilizing Selection B _____6. Directional Selection I _____7. Disruptive Selection D Divergent _____8. Evolution H _____9. Convergent Evolution different animals, underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating descent from a common ancestor. In other words, it's when very different animals have bones that appear very similar in form or function and seem to be related. F. A structure in an organism that has lost all or most of its original function in the course of evolution. G. The resemblance of one organism to another or to an object in its surroundings for concealment and protection from predators. H. The process whereby organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches. I. Also called diversifying selection, describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values. In this case, the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups. Name:_____________________Period:_________ Unit 8 Vocabulary _ Evolution PAGE 3 A. Refers to the situation where different species may D Speciation _____1. I _____2. Genetic Variability F _____3. Mutation C _____4. Genetic Recombination live in the same area, but properties of individuals prevent them from interbreeding. Gene Flow is prevented between two populations of the same species. May have different mating calls or seasons. B. The influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution. Two or more species having a close ecological relationship evolve together such that one species adapt to the changes of the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. C. The process of forming new allelic combination in offspring by exchanges between genetic materials. This process is a natural process, such as the crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. D. The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. E. Theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that _____5. H Limiting Factor _____6. Reproductive A Isolation once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. F. Occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. G. A term that refers to a population of animals, plants, B _____7. Coevolution _____8. Punctuated E Evolution _____9. Geographic G Isolation or other organisms that are separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species. H. Something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes. I. (The tendency of individual genetic characteristics in a population to vary from one another. The potential of a genotype to change or deviate when exposed to environmental or genetic factors.