Download 10.4 Guided Notes (Cell Differentiation and Stem Cells)

Chapter 10 Section 4 Notes
Cell Differentiation
Name _______________________________
From One Cell to Many
• Every organism starts life as just ______________________ cell
– Sperm fertilizes egg  _______________________ different types of cells
• Humans  ______________________________________________
• Embryo –
Different Types of Cells
• All body cells have the same DNA  during differentiation certain parts of DNA is
activated  produces cells with different structure & function
• Differentiation –
– Produces different types of cells
– Humans  ___________________________ different cell types
– Rarely reversed
Stem Cells
• Stem Cells –
– ______________________________________________ cells
– Able to produce more cells through _________________________________
– Able to produce specialized cells through cell differentiation under the right
conditions
Plant Stem Cells
• All plant tissues develop from stem cells located in the growing tips of the
_____________________________________________
• Stem cells can differentiate into ____________________ plant cell
• Stem cell technology allows ____________________________________________
_________________________________________________ to be produced in lab
• Unlimited self-renewal
Human Stem Cells – 2 Types
1. Adult  all humans
– Found in _______________________________________________________
– Self-renewal and cell differentiation
– Replaces cells lost through ________________________________________
2. Embryonic
– Mass of cells that develop ______________________ after fertilization 
must be accumulated ASAP or cells differentiate  ethical controversial
– Gives rise to _____________________ cell types in body
– ____________________________ self-renewal (in LAB) & cell differentiation
Biotechnical Applications of Stem Cells
• Study normal cell growth, development, and differentiation
• Research helps identify causes of ________________________________________
_____________________________________________  abnormal development
• New _____________________________________________ for safety in humans
• Cell-based regenerative therapies – stem cells induced to differentiate into
specific cell types to repair damaged cells
• ____________ demand for organs & tissue transplants but the supply is ________
• Stem cells  ________________________________________________________
Pros and Cons for Cell-Based Therapy
1. Stem cells can become other cell types
– _______________________________________ can become any type of cell
– ______________________________________ limited to the tissue of origin
2. Stem cells can grow in a lab culture
– ____________________________________ grow & divide indefinitely in lab
– _________________________________ are difficult to isolate & grow in lab
3. Stem cells less likely to be rejected by immune system
– __________________________  unknown how immune system will react
– _____________________ are less likely to be rejected  patient’s own cells