Download Macromolecule Review (PP)

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Macromolecule
Monomer
• MONO = One
• Mero = part
Polymer
• POLY = many
• Meros= parts
• A molecule
• Many molecules
linked together
Making & Breaking Polymers
MAKE - LOOSING WATER
BREAK - ADDING WATER
ELEMENTS: C, H, O
Monomer: Sugars (saccharides)
• Simple sugars – monosaccharides
• glucose, fructose
• Double sugars – disaccharides
• Sucrose
• Multiple sugars – polysaccharides
• Starch, cellulose, glycogen
• Foods: bread, cereals, pasta and potatoes
FUNCTION: Energy Storage – short or long term
Polysaccharides
◦ Starch/Glycogen
Long term energy
storage in plants/animals
◦ Cellulose
• Structural component of
plants (cell walls)
ELEMENTS: C, H, O
◦ almost all carbon and hydrogen
Monomer parts:
◦ Fats = 1 to 3 fatty acid + 1 glycerol
◦ solid or liquid
◦ saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated
Foods: Dairy, meat, nuts, plants
Function - energy storage in cells, insulation, protective
coverings in plants, lubrication for skin and hair, water
repellent for bird’s feathers
Not healthy
Better for you
No double bonds
Double bonds
(butter)
(oils)
Seriously not
healthy
man made
double bonds
(peanut butter)
ELEMENTS: C, H, O, N
Monomer: amino acids – 20 kinds
◦ Protein molecules are made of 200-300 amino acid units.
Foods: milk, beans, peanuts, eggs, meat
Function: Provide structure for tissues and
organs, allow muscles to contract,
transport oxygen, and make up enzymes
which carry out chemical reactions.
Protein Folding
ELEMENTS: C, H, N, O, P
Monomer: Nucleotide
(phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base)
Function: DNA and RNA Stores cellular information
in code, provides directions for making
proteins.