Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Third Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Rhineland massacres wikipedia , lookup
Albigensian Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Savoyard crusade wikipedia , lookup
History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Nicopolis wikipedia , lookup
Despenser's Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Fourth Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Siege of Acre (1291) wikipedia , lookup
Northern Crusades wikipedia , lookup
First Crusade wikipedia , lookup
The Crusades AD 1095-1290s ESSENTIAL QUESTION WHAT WERE THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES? CAN THE IMPACT OF THE CRUSADES STILL BE SEEN TODAY? Periods of Byzantine Empire Islamic expansion CRUSADES – Definition: • Crusades: Holy War – The Two Sides: • Christians from Europe • Muslim Turks from Middle East The First Crusade • Background: –Causes: • Byzantine Emperor asked Pope for help • Byzantine empire was besieged by Muslim armies – Byzantine empire lost half its land to Muslim armies by 1071 • Holy Land closed to Christian pilgrims(person who goes on a religious journey) by Islamic empire • Free eastern Christians from Islamic Empire • Keep Europe Christian The Crusades • The Crusades were an attempt by the European Church to “reclaim the Holy Land” • Jerusalem had been conquered by Arabs around 640 AD • 1095 Pope Urban calls for first Crusade The First Crusade • Two Groups went to fight the 1st Crusade: – People’s Crusade: 1096 • Made up of untrained and illiterate mostly peasants with some knights. • Lacked military discipline and knowledge and were massacred in Asia Minor by the Turks. • Main Crusader Armies: – Left Europe in Aug 1096. – Gathered in Constantinople in Nov. – 30-35,000 crusaders Second Crusade (1147-1149) • After victory many Christians went back home • The Turks eventually took back much of the territory • King of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks Second Crusade (1147-1149) • Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to victory, defeating the Christians • He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry. Third Crusade (1189-1192) • Led by King Richard I • Won back many cities/territories from Saladin • Failed to capture Jerusalem leads to the Fourth Crusade Crusades Continue Through 1200’s • Several more crusades attempted with no victories for the Christians • Children’s crusade, - 30,000 soldiers many of them under 12 years old – Never made it to the Holy Land • Crusades end around 1285 Results of the Crusades • I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade • I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers • F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military. • T = Turks still rule the Holy Land • T = Travel – Europeans want to travel more • T = Trade – Europeans want product from the East such as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc. Aftermath • Victory in 1st Crusade was short lived. – Within 50 years, Muslim armies reconquered Jerusalem • The 1st Crusade would be the only victory for the European Christian armies. • Succeeding crusades failed to win any territory; including a “Children’s Crusade” The Crusades Conclusion • At Least 8 Crusades • Effects of Crusades: – Increased dislike among Jews, Christians and Muslims – Pope and lords lost power – Kings gained Power – Trade with Asia and Middle East reborn – Interest in exploration