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Science Essential Standards Unit Development
Common Core Professional Development Assignment
7th Grade: 7.L.2 (Heredity and Genetics)
Kristen Combs, Charles Leake, Barbara Simmons, John Sakel
Unit Topic
Essential Standards
Goals and Objectives
Concepts Being
Studied
Essential Questions
Essential Information
Heredity and Genetics
Standard 7.L.2 Understand the relationship of the mechanisms of cellular
respiration, patterns of inheritance and external factors to potential
variation and survival among offspring.
7.L.2.1 Explain why offspring that result from sexual reproduction (fertilization
and meiosis) have greater variation than offspring that result from asexual
reproduction (budding and mitosis).
7.L.2.2 Infer patterns of heredity using information from Punnett squares and
pedigree analysis.
7.L.2.3 Explain the impact of the environment and lifestyle choices on
biological inheritance (to include common genetic diseases) and survival.
 Mitosis
 Meiosis
 Punnett Squares
 Pedigree
 Genetic Diseases
 Inheritance
7.L.2.1
 What are the stages of mitosis?
 What are the stages of meiosis?
 Why is the process of mitosis and meiosis important?
 What are the similarities and differences of mitosis and
meiosis?
7.L.2.2
 What are genes and chromosomes?
 What are the causes of mutations?
 What are the impacts of mutations on organisms?
 What are dominant and recessive traits?
7.L.2.3
 How is genetic material used in selective breeding,
cloning, and genetically modified foods?
Source: NCSCOS Middle Grades Science 7th Grade Support Document
http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/docs/curriculum/science/middlegrades/7thsciencesu
pport.pdf
 Heredity is the transmission of genetic material from one
generation to another.
 A gene contains one set of instructions for an inherited
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trait.
Traits are inherited physical characteristics.
A widespread misconception is that traits due to
dominant alleles are the most common in the
population. While this is sometimes true, it is not always
the case.
Physical traits are determined by specific segments of
DNA called genes. Multiple genes are grouped toether
to form chromosomes, which reside in the nucleus of
the cell. Every cell (except eggs and sperm) in an
individual’s body contains two copies of each gene.
This is due to the fact that both mother and father
contribute a copy at the time of conception. This
original genetic material is copied each time a cell
divides so that all cells contain the same DNA.
Most genes have two or more variations, called alleles.
When two different alleles are present they interact in
specific ways. Some alleles interact in what is called a
dominant or a recessive manner. The traits due to
dominant alleles are always observes, even when a
recessive allele is present. Traits due to recessive
alleles are only observed when two recessive alleles are
present.
Because the genes of the parents are sorted and
recombined randomly in the offspring, the offspring is
different from the parents.
The process of meiosis produces sex cells which have
half the number of chromosomes.
Inheritance occurs in patterns that can be predicted by
the laws of probability.
A pedigree is a diagram that shows the occurrence of a
genetic trait in several generations of a family.
A Punnett square is a chart used to show possible gene
combinations.
Some birth defects are caused by abnormal numbers or
types of chromosomes, such as Down syndrome.
Genetic variation may be determined by mutations.
Not all genes are completely dominant or recessive. In
cases of incomplete dominance, genes combine and a
mixture of both traits shows up.
Most human traits are determined by multiple genes and
are influences by environmental factors.
Most human traits such as height, weight, intelligence,
Essay Questions
Project Ideas
skin color, and eye color do not occur in an either/or
condition.
7.L.2.1
 Compare and contrast the processes of mitosis and
meiosis.
7.L.2.2
 How can traits be passed from one generation to
another?
7.L.2.3
What medical problems arise from mutations?
Heredity
Genes and Chromosomes –
 Create a skit or play about the different types of
mutations that occur and how they impact genes and
chromosomes.
 Create a board game that teaches your classmates’
knowledge of genes, chromosomes, and the mutations
that can impact them.
Dominant and Recessive Traits –
 Research dominant and recessive traits that humans
can display and choose at least 10 traits that interest
you. Choose two friends to “cross” and predict what
traits their offspring would exhibit.
 Using photos from magazines or photo clipart, create a
scrapbook that could represent three generations of a
family. Track and share the dominant and recessive
traits in each generation on each page.
 Create a bulletin board display that shows various
dominant and recessive traits in a species that was not
discussed in class. Include a cross between two of the
species that shows how dominant and recessive traits
are passes on to offspring.
Changes in Traits –
 Dog breeders engage in selective breeding in order to
improve certain dog breeds. Create a brochure that
explains this practice and when it is used.
 Farmers and scientists have been working together to
develop genetically modified (GM) foods. Create a
news report that explains how this is done and shares
your view on the creating and use of these “GM” foods.
 Cloning has been a genetic reality since 1952 and
various organisms have been clones. Create a
PowerPoint presentation on these organisms that
addresses how organisms are cloned, the ethical issues
Technology
Labs, Experiments,
behind cloning, and whether your support cloning.
Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis
 Students have trouble remembering the order of the
stages of mitosis and what occurs during each stage.
Create a lesson for your class that teaches the stages of
mitosis and their importance to the cell.
 You have been given the task to interview a centriole
about its job and its importance to mitosis. Create your
interview questions and provide creative yet reasonable
responses to the questions.
Meiosis
 Meiosis is a multiple-stage cell division process. Create
a board game that takes players on a journey through
these various stages of meiosis. The questions should
focus on the process and its importance in reproductive
process.
 Design an edible model that demonstrates the stages of
meiosis. Use only food that can be handled and will not
deteriorate.
 Do all cells go through meiosis? Design an
informational brochure for the process of meiosis that
emphasizes its various stages, which cells experience
the process, and its importance to all living things.
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
 Some teachers explain that meiosis is actually mitosis
happening twice. Is this a correct assumption? Design
a poster that shows why a teacher may say that and if it
is a true statement.
 Write and perform a play in which a chromosome has to
choose whether it wants to go through the processes of
mitosis and meiosis.
 Create a comic strip that shows the similarities and
difference between mitosis and meiosis in a humorous
way.
 Creating a PowerPoint presentation
 Using digital cameras
 Using smart phones, iPods, etc.
 Using computers
o Using programs including Photostory, Windows
MovieMaker, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft
Word
 Heredity Tic-Tac-Toe (see attached)
Activities, etc.
Resources
 Mitosis and Meiosis Tic-Tac-Toe (see attached)
 Variety of Genetics Activities:
http://www.msichicago.org/fileadmin/Education/exhibitgu
ides/Final_Genetics.pdf
 Book:
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Assessment
Differentiating Instruction With Menus: Science,
Grades 6-8 by Laurie E. Westphal
Mitosis and Meiosis PowerPoint
(http://teacherpages.nhcs.net/schools/trask/charlesl
eake/Lists/Calendar/Attachments/83/Mitosis.ppt)
Mitosis Claymation Lesson Plan:
http://uw.kqed.org/edresources/plans/mitosis.pdf
Mitosis Video: http://youtu.be/ZEwddr9ho-4
Mitosis and Meiosis Animation:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/divi_flash.htm
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Punnett Square Interactive Activity:
http://www2.edc.org/weblabs/Punnett/punnettsquares.ht
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 Drag and Drop Punnett Square:
http://www.zerobio.com/drag_gr11/mono.htm
 Drag and Drop Pedigree:
http://www.zerobio.com/drag_gr11/pedigree/pedigree1.h
tm
All Purpose Rubric (see attached)