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• 12/2 Focus: – The Romans established a new form of government known as a republic – The Romans influenced many of the values and institutions of western civilization. • Important Terms: – Republic, Patricians, Plebeians • Do Now: – Identify the type of government found in the United States Ancient Rome The Roman Republic Review • What were some of the geographic characteristics associated with the Italian Peninsula? Review • What were some of the geographic advantages of Rome’s location in Italy? Review • What were the three groups that had the most influence on early Rome? The Roman Republic • Etruscan kings ruled Rome from 600 B.C. to 509 BC – Roman aristocrats overthrew the last Etruscan king in 509 BC – Establish a republic The Roman Republic • Republic – A form of government in which elected officials govern the state – power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders – Indirect democracy or representative democracy • Rome allowed free-born male citizens to participate in elections – Women could not vote Aristocratic landowners Patricians Controlled Senate 10% of pop. majority Roman Citizens Made the laws of Rome Farmers, Artists, merchants Plebeians Wanted more influence on gov’t Patricians and Plebeians • Plebeians demanded more rights in Rome from the patricians – Assembly • Gained more power over time – Tribunes • Officials elected to protect the rights of plebeians • Could veto laws that were unjust to plebeians Roman Government • Senate – 300 patrician men – Served for life – Controlled finances and foreign relations – Advised consuls Roman Government • Assemblies – Tribal Assembly and Centuriate Assembly – Made laws and appointeed officials Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the Plebeian Council Roman Government • Consuls – 2 consuls elected by the assembly for 1 year – Chief executives and commanded the army • Roman Government • In times of crisis, the republic could appoint a dictator to rule Rome. – Dictator • a leader who has absolute power Cincinnatus – Could only rule for six months – Were chosen by the consul and elected by the Senate • 12/3 Focus: – The location of Rome helped the Romans to carry on trade and build an empire around the Mediterranean Sea • Do Now: – Identify two codes of law that we have discussed in class this year? The Twelve Tables of Rome • First written code of law in Rome • Plebeians demanded laws of Rome be written down – Laws were carved on twelve bronze tablets and displayed in the Roman Forum • Established the principle that all free citizens had the right to protection of the law • The Roman Forum • The center of life in Rome • Marketplace and civic center – Senate met in the forum – Public speeches were given here – Site of many businesses Points for Discussion • What is the difference between a republic and a direct democracy? • How are the Twelve Tables of Rome and Hammurabi’s Code similar? • What was the difference between patricians and plebeians?