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Evolution Evolution This unit explains the scientific aspect of evolution. There are multiple views on evolution all of which have significant evidence for backing. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion and we will discuss multiple views and opinions. What is Evolution? Evolution is a scientific explanation for the diversity of life based on a collection scientific data, observations and hypotheses. The Theory of Evolution- Change over time by which a modern organism has descended from an ancient organism. This unit explores multiple explanations for evolutionary change. Charles Darwin One of many scientists who has studied evolution. He has contributed the most amount of data and research to the theory of evolution. Sailed on a ship (H.M.S. Beagle) around the world, most notably in the Galapagos Islands, making observations and collected evidence which supports his theory. Published the results of his work in the book; On the Origin of Species. Descent with Modification Idea that Darwin proposed also know as Darwinism: States that over long periods of time natural selection produces organisms that have different structures, establishes different niches or occupy different habitats. Define the Following Terms Fossils Artificial Selection Struggle for Existence Fitness Adaptation Survival of the Fittest Natural Selection Common Descent Homologous Structures Vestigial Organs Darwin’s Evidence of Evolution Darwin argued that living things have been evolving on Earth for millions of years. His evidence for this process could be found in the fossil records, geographical distribution of species, homologous structures of living organisms and embryology. Population Growth The increase in number of a species as well as sustaining the existence of the species on earth. Certain factors must occur for population growth to occur. Many factors influence population growth. Population growth and population dynamics can impact population genetics. Genetics has a direct relationship to evolution. Summary of Darwin’s Theory Individual Organisms differ, and some of this variation is heritable (first connection between evolution & genetics). Organisms produce more offspring than can survive (creates competition), and not all can reproduce. The offspring will fight for limited resources in order to survive. Each has advantages & disadvantages in the struggle for existence. Those organisms that survive, pass these traits on to their offspring. Species alive today are descendents of those that survived in the past. Other Thoughts of Evolution James Hutton- Earth shaped by geological forces that took place over extremely long periods of time. Thomas Malthus- Principle of Population, predicts that human population will grow faster then food & space needed to sustain life. Jean-Baptiste Lamark- Says that organisms gain or lose traits based on the organisms selective use of those traits over time. Other Thoughts of Evolution Charles Lyell- Principles of Geology explains that processes occurring now have shaped the Earth’s geological features over long periods of time. Alfred Wallace- Writes to Darwin about evolution by natural selection based on his study of plants & animals