Download c2 atomic structure f pmh

Q1.
(a)
An atom of aluminium can be represented as shown below.
In this atom of aluminium the number of protons is ............................. and
the number of neutrons is ...............................
(2)
(b)
Which statement in the table below describes the mass of an electron?
Tick ( ) one box.
Statement
Tick ( )
Electrons have a very small mass compared to
protons.
Electrons have about the same mass as protons.
Electrons are much heavier than protons.
Electrons have about the same mass as neutrons.
(1)
(c)
Which method is used to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide?
Tick ( ) one box.
Method
Tick ( )
Heating aluminium oxide.
Heating aluminium oxide with carbon.
Electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide.
Heating aluminium oxide with copper.
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
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Q2.
Hot air balloons burn hydrocarbons to heat the air.
(a)
The hot air contains these gases: nitrogen, N2
oxygen, O2
argon, Ar
carbon dioxide, CO2
water vapour, H2O
(i)
Argon is an element.
What is an element?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Name one other gas in the hot air that is also an element.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Propane, C3H8, can be represented as:
H
H
H
│
│
│
H  C  C  C H
│
│
│
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H
H
H
Use the correct words from the box to complete the sentences.
bond
carbon
(i)
compound
element
mixture
Propane is a ....................................... and is made up of atoms of hydrogen
and .......................................
(2)
(ii)
Each line between the atoms in propane represents a chemical .......................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q3.
Lithium is a very reactive metal.
(a)
Lithium reacts with cold water.
(i)
Which physical property of lithium is seen during this reaction?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
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(ii)
Which chemical property of lithium will be shown by the universal indicator?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Complete the sentence by writing in the missing numbers.
Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 7.
This means that an atom of lithium has .................... protons .................... electrons
and ....................... neutrons.
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
Q4.
(a)
Write down the symbols for
lithium ................................................................................
fluorine ...............................................................................
(2)
(b)
The electronic structure of a lithium atom can be shown like this:
In a similar way, complete this diagram to show the electronic structure of a
fluorine atom.
(1)
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(c)
A lithium atom can lose one electron to form a lithium ion which can be written (2)+
A fluorine atom can gain one electron to form a fluoride ion.
Choose from the list the correct way to write the fluoride ion.
(2,6)+
(2,7)+
(2,7)-
(2,8)+
(2,8)–
Answer ..........................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q5.
(a)
The list below gives six substances.
•
aluminium
•
beer
•
copper
•
milk
•
pure water
•
sodium chloride
Put each substance in the correct column of the table.
ELEMENTS
COMPOUNDS
MIXTURES
(3)
(b)
Elements can be divided into two groups, metals and non-metals.
The list below gives some properties of elements.
•
brittle
•
can be hammered into shape
•
dull
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•
good conductors of electricity
•
poor conductors of electricity
•
shiny
Put each property into the correct column.
PROPERTIES OF METALS
PROPERTIES OF NON-METALS
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 6
M1.
(a)
13
1
14
1
numbers must be in the order shown
(b)
electrons have a very small mass compared to protons
1
(c)
electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide
1
[4]
M2.
(a)
(i)
made up of one sort of atom
accept it is in the periodic table
or
has its own symbol
1
(ii)
nitrogen / N / N2 or oxygen / O / O2
do not accept argon or helium
do not accept oxide
1
(b)
(i)
compound
1
carbon
1
(ii)
bond
1
[5]
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M3.
(a)
(i)
low density
accept floats (on water)
1
(ii)
forms an alkaline solution with water
accept alkali (metal) or basic
do not accept group 1 metal
1
(b)
3 or three (protons)
1
3 or three (electrons)
1
4 or four (neutrons)
1
[5]
M4.
(a)
lithium = Li
(ignore mass / atomic numbers)
fluorine = F (do not allow if case is incorrect)
for 1 mark each
2
(b)
(allow ● or o for electrons)
(allow any positions for the seven electrons added provided
they are on the outer ring)
for 1 mark
1
(c)
(2,8)+ or (2,7)–
(brackets not required) gains 1 mark
but (2,8)–
gains 2 marks
2
[5]
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##
(a)
elements:
aluminium, copper,
compounds:
pure water, sodium chloride,
mixture:
beer, milk
2/3 correct gains 1 mark
4/5 correct gains 2 marks
all correct gains 3 marks
3
(b)
metals:
can be hammered into shape,
good conductor of electricity, shiny
non metals:
brittle, dull, poor conductors of electricity
2/3 correct gains 1 mark
4/5 correct gains 2 marks
all correct gains 3 marks
3
[6]
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