Download Biology: DNA Review Packet

Biology:
DNA Review Packet
Read each question and fill in the proper answer.
1. Label EVERY sugar (S), phosphate (P), and nitrogen base (A, T, C, G) in the diagram
below.
#2
2. Examine the objects inside the box labeled #2. What is this called? _____________________
3. What is the special shape of DNA called? _________________________________________
4. Which type of chemical bonds will join the two DNA bases? _________________________
5. Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells? _______________________________
6. Which nucleotide part(s) make up the outside of the DNA ladder? (circle all that apply)
Sugar
Phosphate
Base
7. Which nucleotide part(s) make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? (circle all that apply)
Sugar
Phosphate
Base
DNA Replication (Review your notes on “replication” to help you answer these questions.)
8. Put the pictures of DNA replication in order by placing a 1, 2, or 3 on the line above the
picture. (on the next page)
9. Describe what is happening on the lines below the picture. Be sure to include the names of
any enzyme involved.
_______________
_______________
_______________
____________________
____________________
____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
10. Replicate this strand of DNA: ACTGCCATTGAC
DNA and RNA Comparison
11. Complete the following chart by comparing DNA, mRNA, and tRNA. Sample answers have
been provided.
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Deoxyribonucleic
Molecule full name
Acid
Ribose
Name of sugar
Nitrogen Bases
Present
Function
Adenine, Uracil,
Guanine, Cytosine
Store Genetic
information
12. For each statement write DNA, mRNA, or tRNA.
_______ Holds the original coded information for making proteins
_______ Can replicate itself
_______ Copies DNA’s coded message
_______ Carries amino acids to the ribosome for assembly
_______ Found in the nucleus only
_______ Found in the cytoplasm only
_______ Found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm
_______ Carries the coded message to the ribosome
Transcription and Translation: Use the picture to answer the questions 11-13.
13. Describe what is forming and happening in AREA A of the diagram. Include the name of
this process and the key players.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
14. Describe what is being gathered and happening in AREA B of the diagram.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
15. Describe what is being assembled and happening in AREA C of the diagram. Include the
name of this process and the key players.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
16. If a section of code contains 12 bases, how many codons would there be? _______________
17. If a section of code contains 7 codons, how many amino acids would there be? ___________
18. Which mRNA codon will start the process of translation? ___________________________
19. Which amino acid does every protein begin with? _________________________________
20. Which mRNA codons will end the process of translation? ___________________________
21. What bond is formed between amino acids to make a protein? ________________________
22. From the DNA information given, fill in the missing information. (Remember to always use
the mRNA to code for the amino acid.)
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Amino Acid
TTT
23. From the tRNA information given, fill in the missing information.
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Amino Acid
GUU
24. From the amino acid given, fill in the missing information.
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Amino Acid
Methionine
25. Follow the rules of transcription and fill in the boxes below? Ask yourself…what does
transcription make?
26. Below is a strand of mRNA. Follow the rules of translation and fill in the tRNA strand
below?
27. Which two amino acids does the following DNA strand code for?
28. Using the codon chart, what codons specify for leucine? List all of them.
Mutations
29. What is a gene mutation?
30. Give 3 examples of gene mutations.
31. What type of gene mutation affects protein synthesis more: point or frameshift mutation and
why?
32. What is a chromosomal mutation?
33. Give 2 examples of chromosomal mutations.
34. Label each type of mutations below. Are they gene mutations or chromosomal mutations?