Download Subordinate Clause

Phrases and Clauses
English I
Miss Gilles
What is a clause?
• Simply, a group of words with a subject and
a verb
5Types
Independent
Subordinate
Adjective
Adverb
Noun
What is an Independent Clause?
• Think: INDEPENDENT
– Has a subject and a verb and
expresses a complete thought
*Independent clauses can stand
alone as sentences!
Independent Clauses
Karen and John are late as usual
Identify the subject and the verb.
Does the clause represent a complete thought?
What is a Subordinate Clause?
• Has a subject and a verb, but does NOT
express a complete thought.
* Can NOT stand alone.
* Must be attached to or inserted into an
independent clause
* OR the word that makes it a
subordinate clause must drop out
Subordinate Clause
• Because she is trying to save money, Sheila
is packing her lunch.
*Identify the subordinate and independent
clause in the sentence above
*Because she is trying to save money,
Sheila is packing her lunch.
Subordinate Clause
*NOW, let’s make it a bit harder…
• The person who called this morning didn’t leave
a message.
*Locate the subordinate and independent clauses
in the sentence above.
* The person who called this morning didn’t
leave a message
Subordinate Clause
• Turn each of the following subordinate
clauses into independent clauses.
Because helium is lighter than air.
That your documentation is important to
prove that you did not make up your
facts
Subordinate Clause
Because helium is lighter than air.
Helium is lighter than air
That your documentation is important to
prove that you did not make up your
facts.
Your documentation is important to prove
that you did not make up your facts.
Subordinate Clause
• Now… A little review!
What is essential in order for a group of
words to be considered a CLAUSE?
A SUBJECT AND A VERB
Subordinate Clause
• Good News! IDENTIFYING
SUBORDINATE CLAUSES CAN BE
MADE…
EASIER!!!!
Subordinate Clause
• But first! We must know our subordinate
conjunctions
Subordinate conjunctions typically signal the
beginning of subordinate clauses!
Subordinate Clause
Here is a list of the most common subordinating
conjunctions
After
If
When
Although
Once
Whenever
As
Since
Whether
As if
Though
While
As Though
Till
Why
Because
Unless
Whereas
Before
Until
Where
How
Than
Wherever
Subordinate Clause
Let’s look back at some sentences we have
already worked with
Because she is trying to save money, Sheila is
packing her lunch.
Identify the Subordinating conjunction in the
following sentence.
What then is the subordinate clause?
Subordinate Clause
Because she is trying to save money, Sheila is
packing her lunch
Subordinating conjunction: Because
Subordinate clause: Because she is trying to
save money
Subordinate Clause
Let’s try another!
Katie since she doesn’t like apples did not
want to eat the apple pie.
What is the subordinating conjunction?
What then is the subordinate clause?
Subordinate Clause
Katie since she doesn’t like apples did not
want to eat the apple pie.
Subordinating conjunction: since
Subordinate clause: since she doesn’t like
apples
Phrases
A phrase is a group of words that has no
subject or predicate.
Prepositions
• A word that connects another word in a sentence
to a noun or pronoun
• More simply, think directions
Examples
Under
to
in
At
of
down
Over
above
before
*Do any of these look familiar?
near
by
after
Prepositional Phrase
• Always begins with a preposition and ends with an
object (a noun or pronoun).
• Prepositional phrases may have a compound
object
• ALL MODIFIERS OF THE OBJECT(S) ARE
PART OF THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE!
Prepositional Phrase
• Identify the preposition and the
prepositional phrase in the following
sentence.
The Gorilla in the tree is named Sam.
Prepositional Phrase
The gorilla in the tree is named Sam.
Prepositional Phrase
Identify the preposition and prepositional
phrase in the following sentences.
(*There may be more than one)
Prepositional Phrase
The gorilla near the fence ran to the zookeeper
with food.
He was the largest of all the gorillas.
Lee fell down the steps and tripped over the
rug.
Prepositional Phrase
The gorilla near the fence ran to the zookeeper
with food.
He was the largest of all the gorillas.
Lee fell down the steps and tripped over the rug.
Prepositional Phrase
Now…
Using the previous sentences as models,
write three sentences of your own that
contain a prepositional phrase.
Participle
A participle is a form of a verb that acts as
an adjective!
Participles
Present participles: End in –ing
Past participles: End in – ed (or irregular
forms such as –nt and –en)
Like adjectives, participles answer what kind?
or which one?
Participles
Identify the participle in the following
sentences.
A whining sound came from the man’s horse.
Disgusted, Len walked away without saying
goodbye.
Participles
Identify the participle in the following
sentences.
A whining sound came from the mans
horse.
Disgusted, Len walked away without saying
a word.
Participles
Try some more, this time, underline the
participle, and circle the word it is modifying.
Competing, each tribe tried to show off its
riches.
The ground corn was used to make
tortillas.
Participles
Competing, each tribe tried to show off its
riches.
The ground corn was used to make
tortillas.
Participial Phrase
Participial phrase: A participle modified by an
adverb or an adverb phrase.
Studying carefully, she learned much about
Native American people.
Frightened by its sudden appearance, I yelled,
“Snake!”
Participial Phrase
Identify the participle and the participial
phrase in the following sentences.
Gleaming in the sun, Aztec temples and
towers were awesome.
The wall built around the house is made of
stone.
Participial Phrase
Identify the participle and the participial
phrase in the following sentences.
Gleaming in the sun, Aztec temples and
towers were awesome.
The wall built around the house is made of
stone.