Download Chapter 12 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Chapter 12
Nucleic Acids and
Protein Synthesis
SECTION 12.2
DNA
DNA IS DYNAMITE!
I. The Structure of DNA
1.
2.
DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Contains all information to make genetic code
I. The Structure of DNA
DNA is composed of nucleotides
Nucleotides are composed of 3 structures:
3.
4.
a)
b)
c)
Deoxyribose:
Phosphate grp:
Nitrogen base:
DNA Components
I. The Structure of DNA
4 types of Nitrogen bases:
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Adenine: A
Guanine: G
Cytosine: C
Thymine: T
I. The Structure of DNA
6.
7.
Adenine & Guanine = _______________
Cytosine & Thymine = _______________
II) The Double Helix
DNA is in shape of __________
Double Helix: 2 nucleotide chains
__________________
Nucleotides are connected using covalent bonds
1.
2.
3.
a)
Nitrogen bases are connected by hydrogen bonds
II) The Double Helix
4.
___ purine will always be connected to _____
pyrimidine
III) Complementary Base Pairing
Comp. Base Pairs: Nitrogen bases that pair
together to connect the nucleotides of DNA
1.
a)
b)
2.
Adenine : ____________
Guanine :
Base Pairing rules:
DNA
Replication of DNA
IV. Replication of DNA
1.
Process of copying DNA to create more DNA
IV. Replication of DNA
Replication Steps
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
DNA unwinds and unzips –enzyme Helicase breaks the
_______ bonds
Each chain will act as _________ (pattern) to copy new
nucleotide
DNA unzips: nucleotide pieces bond to each exposed half of
DNA molecule
Enzyme Polymerase bonds to monomers to create 2
identical strands
IV. Replication of DNA
*Nucleotide monomers come from digested food
*Point where helicase is separating DNA-Replication Fork
IV. Replication of DNA
3.
DNA replication will occur in several different
place and the same time
V. Accuracy and Repair
1.
Mutation: miss match of complementary base
pairs
2.
Mutations can be corrected by
_____________________________