* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Endocrine System
Survey
Document related concepts
Triclocarban wikipedia , lookup
Menstrual cycle wikipedia , lookup
History of catecholamine research wikipedia , lookup
Neuroendocrine tumor wikipedia , lookup
Xenoestrogen wikipedia , lookup
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy wikipedia , lookup
Hormone replacement therapy (male-to-female) wikipedia , lookup
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency wikipedia , lookup
Breast development wikipedia , lookup
Endocrine disruptor wikipedia , lookup
Hyperandrogenism wikipedia , lookup
Mammary gland wikipedia , lookup
Hypothalamus wikipedia , lookup
Hyperthyroidism wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM BY ANDY TILLOTSON AND HOLDEN GJUKA FUNCTION AND PROCESSES • METABOLIC PROCESSES • WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCES • CHEMICAL REACTIONS • AIDS IN TRANSPORT • REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND GROWTH ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND EXOCRINE GLANDS • THE 2 PRIMARY GLANDS • EXOCRINE GLANDS SECRETE OUTSIDE THE BODY • ENDOCRINE GLANDS SECRETE INTO THE BLOOD STREAM HORMONES • HORMONES ARE CHEMICAL SECRETIONS FROM GLANDS • THEY ONLY WORK ON TARGET CELLS • ELICIT A RESPONSE FROM TARGET CELL CAUSING CHANGE. MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS • THE MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS ARE, • PITUITARY GLAND • THYROID GLAND • PARATHYROID GLANDS • ADRENAL GLANDS • PANCREAS • PINEAL GLAND • THYMUS GLAND • REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS, (TESTES AND OVARIES) PITUITARY GLAND AND ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES • LOCATED AT BASE OF THE BRAIN UNDER THE HYPOTHALAMUS • GROWTH HORMONE, STIMULATES DIVISION OF CELLS • PROLACTIN, STIMULATES MILK GROWTH IN WOMEN, UNKNOWN IN MEN • THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE, CONTROLS RATE OF THYROID SECRETIONS • ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, CONTROLS SECRETION OF ADRENAL GLAND • FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BOTH GONADOTROPINS, ONLY WORK ON REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS. POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES • ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE, DECREASES URINE FORMATION. • OXYTOCIN, CONSTRICTS UTERINE WALL DURING CHILDBIRTH, AND CAUSES MILK TO BE RELEASED FROM BREASTS THYROID GLAND • LARGE GLAND JUST BELOW LARYNX • THYROXINE AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE REGULATE METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, AND PROTEINS • TRIIODOTHYRONINE IS STRONGER THAN THYROXINE PARATHYROID GLANDS • ON THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE THYROID GLAND • PARATHYROID HORMONE, INCREASES BLOOD CALCIUM CONCENTRATION, DECREASES BLOOD PHOSPHATE ION CONCENTRATION ADRENAL GLANDS/ADRENAL MEDULLA • SITS ON TOP OF KIDNEYS • TWO PARTS, ADRENAL MEDULLA AND ADRENAL CORTEX • EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE FUNCTION VERY SIMILARLY, CAUSE FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSES ADRENAL CORTEX • ALDOSTERONE, MINERALOCORTICOID, REGULATES MINERAL ELECTROLYTES. • CORTISOL, GLUCOCORTICOID, AFFECTS GLUCOSE METABOLISM PANCREAS • LOCATED POSTERIOR TO THE STOMACH • GLUCAGON, STIMULATES LIVER TO BREAK DOWN GLYCOGEN AND NONCARBOHYDRATES. • INSULIN, STIMULATES LIVER TO FORM GLYCOGEN AND INHIBITS THE BREAKDOWN OF NONCARBOHYDRATES. PINEAL GLAND • LOCATED DEEP BETWEEN CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES • SECRETES MELATONIN IN RESPONSE TO LIGHT DECISIONS OUTSIDE BODY, DARKNESS CAUSES MORE MELATONIN, AND THIS HELPS REGULATE CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS THYMUS GLAND • LOCATED IN THE MEDIASTINUM, BETWEEN THE LUNGS • SECRETES HORMONES CALLED THYMOSINS, WHICH REGULATE WHITE BLOOD CELLS REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS • LOCATED IN THE GENITAL AREA • OVARIES PRODUCE ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE • AND TESTES PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE BOTH OF WHICH CAUSE THE DIFFERENCE IN MALES AND FEMALES REGULATION OF HORMONES • ALL 3 WAYS USE A NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM • HYPOTHALAMUS • DIRECT NERVOUS SYSTEM • RESPONDS DIRECTLY TO INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGES NERVOUS SYSTEMS CONNECTION TO SECRETION • NERVOUS SYSTEM SENDS SYMPATHETIC NERVE IMPULSES, AND SEVERAL GLANDS CAN RESPOND TO THAT DIRECTLY. STEROIDS AND NONSTEROIDS • NON-STEROID, DOES NOT MAKE NEW PROTEINS • STEROID, MAKES NEW PROTEINS NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEMS • HORMONES ARE REGULATED WITH NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEMS • LOOKS LIKE A SINE WAVE • HORMONES DO NOT STAY AT HOMEOSTASIS • GO ABOVE AND BELOW. DISEASES • HYPOPITUITARY DWARFISM, TOO LITTLE GROWTH HORMONE, NORMAL PERSON, JUST SMALL. • GIGANTISM, TOO MUCH GROWTH HORMONE, HAS SEVERAL METABOLIC DISTURBANCES • ACROMEGALY, OVERPRODUCTION OF GROWTH HORMONE AS AN ADULT, ENLARGED THINGS SUCH AS HEART, FEET, HANDS, HEAD, THYROID GLAND. DISEASES CONT. • HYPERTHYROIDISM AND HYPOTHYROIDISM, BOTH ARE DISORDERS IN THYROID, HYPO WILL CAUSE STUNTED EVERYTHING IN A CHILD, STUNTED GROWTH, MENTAL RETARDATION • HYPERTHYROIDISM CAUSES OVEREATING, RAISED TEMPERATURE, AND INCREASED METABOLIC RATE. DISEASES CONT. • DIABETES MELLITUS, CAUSED BY A LACK OF INSULIN, KILLS CHILDREN WITHOUT INSULIN, BUT WITH INSULIN, LEADS TO DISTURBANCE IN BREAKDOWN OF SUGARS AND EFFECTS BODY PARTS. • HAS 3 TYPES OF DIABETES. • TYPE 1, NO INSULIN, SEMI RARE • TYPE 2, HAS INSULIN, NO RECOGNITION, 8590% OF DIABETES ARE TYPE 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY • BLYTHE. THYROID MOM. THYROIDMOM.COM. 16 DEC. 2013. WEB. • KOEPPE & STANTON. BERNE AND LEVY PHYSIOLOGY, 6TH EDITION. 2008. MOSBY. ELSEVIER. PRINT. • PEARSON EDUCATION. 2013. PRINT. • CARYLYN IVERSON. 2012. PRINT. • ADDISON. WESLEY LONGMAN. PRINT.