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Cells- structure, function, different types Cell divisionmitosis and meiosis Molecular geneticstranscription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics Evolution & classificationnatural selection, speciation, classification Ecology Biotechnology Cells- structure, function, different types Cell divisionmitosis and meiosis Molecular genetics – transcription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics Evolution & classification natural selection, speciation, classification Ecology Biotechnology $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Double Jeopardy! Cells- structure, function, different types Organelle that digests by hydrolyzing macromolecules $100 Cells- structure, function, different types What is a lysosome? Back $100 Cells- structure, function, different types The ability of the plasma membrane to allow some substances to cross it more easily than others $200 Cells- structure, function, different types What is selective permeability? Back $200 Cells- structure, function, different types Organelle that is the center of manufacturing, warehousing, sorting, and shipping. Where ER products (membrane phospholipids, sugars of glycoproteins, etc.) are modified and sent along $300 Cells- structure, function, different types What is the Golgi Apparatus? Back $300 Cells- structure, function, different types Globular protein that is the building block of microfilaments $400 Cells- structure, function, different types What is actin? Back $400 Cells- structure, function, different types A phage that reproduces by a cycle that culminates in death of the host cell $500 Cells- structure, function, different types What is a virulent phage (that reproduces by a lytic cycle)? Back $500 Cell division- mitosis and meiosis Genetic law that states, “Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation” $100 Cell division- mitosis and meiosis What is the Law of Independent Assortment? Back $100 Cell division- mitosis and meiosis The centralized region that joins two sister chromatids and the structure of proteins associated with specific section of chromosomal DNA at this region $200 Cell division- mitosis and meiosis What is a centromere and a kinetochore? Back $200 Cell division- mitosis and meiosis Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects $300 Cell division- mitosis and meiosis What are alleles? Back $300 Cell division- mitosis and meiosis Phase of meiosis in which tetrads are formed by the synapsis of homologous chromosomes $400 Cell division- mitosis and meiosis What is Prophase 1? Back $400 Cell division- mitosis and meiosis Phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope fragments and microtubules extend from each centrosome toward the middle of the cell $500 Cell division- mitosis and meiosis What is Prometaphase? Back $500 Molecular genetics- transcription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by adding nucleotides to the existing chain $100 Molecular genetics- transcription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics What is DNA polymerase? Back $100 Molecular genetics- transcription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics Three of the 64 codons that function as stop sequences $200 Molecular genetics- transcription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics What are UAA, UGA, and UAG? Back $200 Molecular genetics- transcription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics An enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands $300 Molecular genetics- transcription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics What is helicase? Back $300 Molecular genetics- transcription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics The process in which a bacterial cell’s genotype and phenotype is altered by the uptake of naked, foreign DNA from the surrounding environment $400 Molecular genetics- transcription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics What is transformation? Back $400 Molecular genetics- transcription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics The direct transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells that are temporarily joined $500 Molecular genetics- transcription, translation, DNA structure & replication, genetics What is conjugation? Back $500 Evolution & classification- natural selection, speciation, classification Differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environments. Evolution occurs when this causes changes in relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool $100 Evolution & classification- natural selection, speciation, classification What is natural selection? Back $100 Evolution & classification- natural selection, speciation, classification The emergence of several species from a common ancestor introduced to an environment that presents a diversity of new opportunities and problems $200 Evolution & classification- natural selection, speciation, classification What is adaptive radiation? Back $200 Evolution & classification- natural selection, speciation, classification Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry $300 Evolution & classification- natural selection, speciation, classification What are homologous structures? Back $300 Evolution & classification- natural selection, speciation, classification A mode of speciation induced when an ancestral population becomes segregated by a geographic barrier or is itself divided into two or more geographically isolated subpopulations $400 Evolution & classification- natural selection, speciation, classification What is allopatric speciation? Back $400 Evolution & classification- natural selection, speciation, classification Genetic drift that results from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population $500 Evolution & classification- natural selection, speciation, classification What is the bottleneck effect? Back $500 Ecology An aquatic biome that the area where a freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean $100 Ecology What is an estuary? Back $100 Ecology A type of succession that occurs where an existing community has been cleared by some disturbance that leaves the soil intact $200 Ecology What is secondary succession? Back $200 Ecology An interaction between species that benefits one of the species but neither harms nor helps the other $300 Ecology What is commensalism? Back $300 Ecology A species that is not necessarily abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on a community structure by the nature of its ecological role or niche $400 Ecology What is a keystone species? Back $400 Ecology A palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful model $500 Ecology What is Batesian mimicry? Back $500 Biotechnology A microscope that passes an electron beam through very thin sections; primarily used to study the internal ultrastructure of cells $100 Biotechnology What is a transmission electron microscope? Back $100 Biotechnology The disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation $200 Biotechnology What is cell fractionation? Back $200 Biotechnology The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel $300 Biotechnology What is gel electrophoresis? Back $300 Biotechnology A hybridization technique that allows researchers to determine the presence of certain nucleotide sequences in a sample of DNA $400 Biotechnology What is Southern Blotting? Back $400 Biotechnology A method that allows researchers to test thousands of genes simultaneously to determine which ones are expressed in a particular tissue, under different environmental conditions in various disease states , or at different developmental stages. Small amounts of a large number of single-stranded DNA fragments representing different genes are fixed to a glass slide. These fragments are tested for hybridization with various samples of cDNA molecules $500 Biotechnology What is a DNA microarray assay? Back $500 Double Jeopardy!!! Plant systems Animal systems Photosynthesis Respiration Cell communication The chemistry of life Plant systems Animal systems Photosynthesis Respiration Cell communication The chemistry of life $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 Final Jeopardy! Plant systems The most fertile soils that are made up of roughly equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay $200 Plant systems What are loams? Back $200 Plant systems An active transport protein in the plasma membranes of plant cells that uses energy from ATP to pump hydrogen ions out of the cell $400 Plant systems What is a proton pump? Back $400 Plant systems A class of related plant hormones that stimulate growth in the stem and leaves, trigger the germination of seeds and breaking of bud dormancy, and stimulate fruit development with auxin $600 Plant systems What are gibberellins? Back $600 Plant systems Female versions of these plant structures are called archegonia and male versions of these plant structures are called antheridia $800 Plant systems What are gametangia? Back $800 Plant systems This occurs when a shoot reaches the sunlight and experiences changes in which the plant becomes green $1000 Plant systems What is de-etiolation? Back $1000 Animal systems A physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases during the summer $200 Animal systems What is estivation? Back $200 Animal systems These animals gain most of their hear from the environment and cannot use metabolic hear to regulate body temperature $400 Animal systems What are ectotherms? Back $400 Animal systems The stomach secretes this digestive fluid and mixes this secretion with the food by the churning action of the smooth muscles in the stomach wall. This fluid disrupts the extracellular matrix that bids cells together in meat and plant material. It also kills most bacteria that are swallowed with food $600 Animal systems What is gastric juice? Back $600 Animal systems The two circuits of blood flow of amphibians $800 Animal systems What are the pulmocutaneous and systemic circuits? Back $800 Animal systems Insects and other terrestrial arthropods have these organs that remove nitrogenous wastes and function in osmoregulation $1000 Animal systems What are Malpighian tubules? Back $1000 Photosynthesis The photosystem that cyclic electron flow does not use $200 Photosynthesis What is photosystem II? Back $200 Photosynthesis A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate carbon dioxide into organic material, forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate $400 Photosynthesis What is a C3 plant? Back $400 Photosynthesis The wavelengths of light that are most effective in driving photosynthesis $600 Photosynthesis What is light in the violet-blue and red portions of the spectrum (400-500 nm and 600-700 nm)? Back $600 Photosynthesis This consists of pigments molecules (which can include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) bound to particular proteins $800 Photosynthesis What is a lightharvesting complex? Back $800 Photosynthesis Hydrocarbons that are various shades of yellow and orange because they absorb violet and bluegreen light $1000 Photosynthesis What are carotenoids? Back $1000 Respiration A catabolic process that is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without the use of oxygen $200 Respiration What is fermentation? Back $200 Respiration The organelle where the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place $400 Respiration What is the mitochondrion? Back $400 Respiration The amount of ATP yielded per glucose during cellular respiration $600 Respiration What are 36-38 ATP? Back $600 Respiration The two stages of oxidative phosphorylation $800 Respiration What are the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis? Back $800 Respiration The process in which pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 $1000 Respiration What is lactic acid fermentation? Back $1000 Cell communication The three stages of cell signaling $200 Cell communication What are reception, transduction, and response? Back $200 Cell communication An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein $400 Cell communication What is a protein kinase? Back $400 Cell communication An enzyme embedded in the plasma membrane that converts ATP to cAMP in response to an extracellular signal $600 Cell communication What is adenylyl cyclase? Back $600 Cell communication Large relay proteins to which several other relay proteins are simultaneously attached $800 Cell communication What are scaffolding proteins? Back $800 Cell communication A second messenger that functions as an intermediate between certain nonsteroid hormones and a third messenger, a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration $1000 Cell communication What is inositol trisphosphate? Back $1000 The chemistry of life The energy of motion $200 The chemistry of life What is kinetic energy? Back $200 The chemistry of life Molecules that are mirror images of each other $400 The chemistry of life What are enantiomers? Back $400 The chemistry of life The two families of nitrogenous bases $600 The chemistry of life What are pyrimidines and purines? Back $600 The chemistry of life A protein structure where two or more regions of the polypeptide chain lying side by side are connected by hydrogen bonds between parts of the two parallel polypeptide backbones $800 The chemistry of life What is a B pleated sheet? Back $800 The chemistry of life The six functional groups $1000 The chemistry of life What are the hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, and phosphate groups? Back $1000 Final Jeopardy!!! Final Jeopardy!!! The type of locomotion of an earthworm in which contraction of the longitudinal muscles thickens and shortens the worm and contraction of the circular muscles constricts and elongates it Final Jeopardy!!! What is peristalsis?