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Transcript
Heredity • Heredity is the passing of traits to offspring (from its parent or ancestors). • Offspring acquires or becomes predisposed to the characteristics of its parent cell or organism. • Variations exhibited by individuals can accumulate and cause a species to evolve. The study of heredity in biology is called genetics. • The study of heredity in biology is called genetics. • Gregor Mendel 1822 – 1884 was a priest and scientist, and is often called the father of genetics for his study of the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants. Mendel showed that the inheritance of these traits follows particular laws. Test Cross • The test cross is another one of the fundamental tools devised by Gregor Mendel. In its simplest form this is an experimental cross of an individual organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype to an organism with a homozygous recessive genotype (and phenotype). Pea Characteristics Vocabulary Phenotype- The expression of a specific trait, such as texture, color and hieght based on genetics. Genotype- The genotype represents its exact genetic makeup — the particular set of genes it possesses Allele- Two forms of a gene, one that masks the other is said to be dominant, and the alternative allele is said to be recessive to the former Punnett Square Mono-hybrid Di-hybrid Purebred vs Hybrid • Heterozygous- two different alleles occupy the gene's position on the homologous chromosomes. Yy • Homozygous- identical alleles of the gene are present on both homologous chromosomes YY or yy
