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Heredity
• Heredity is the passing of traits to
offspring (from its parent or ancestors).
• Offspring acquires or becomes
predisposed to the characteristics of its
parent cell or organism.
• Variations exhibited by individuals can
accumulate and cause a species to
evolve. The study of heredity in biology is
called genetics.
• The study of heredity in
biology is called genetics.
• Gregor Mendel 1822 – 1884 was a priest
and scientist, and is often called the father
of genetics for his study of the inheritance
of certain traits in pea plants. Mendel
showed that the inheritance of these traits
follows particular laws.
Test Cross
• The test cross is another one of the
fundamental tools devised by Gregor
Mendel. In its simplest form this is an
experimental cross of an individual
organism of dominant phenotype but
unknown genotype to an organism with
a homozygous recessive genotype (and
phenotype).
Pea Characteristics
Vocabulary
Phenotype- The expression of a specific
trait, such as texture, color and hieght
based on genetics.
Genotype- The genotype represents its
exact genetic makeup — the particular set
of genes it possesses
Allele- Two forms of a gene, one that
masks the other is said to be dominant,
and the alternative allele is said to be
recessive to the former
Punnett Square
Mono-hybrid
Di-hybrid
Purebred vs Hybrid
• Heterozygous- two different alleles occupy
the gene's position on the homologous
chromosomes. Yy
• Homozygous- identical alleles of the gene
are present on both homologous
chromosomes YY or yy