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DNA stands for
_______________ ________________ ________ and
is the basic substance of heredity.
DNA is a set of ____________ for building your body
and controls everything about the way you ____
and ________.
WHERE IS THE DNA
STORED?
The DNA is stored in the _______
of nearly all your cells.
What’s in the creek?
 In ____, James ______ and Francis _____ figured
out the structure of ___. Their discovery revealed
important information about how DNA ________
itself.
(Get it…Watson and Crick? What’s in the
creek?)
These scientist won a Nobel Prize in 1962 for
work on the DNA’s structure.
_________________ was actually the
1st scientist to produce the ________
of DNA , but died before the Nobel
Prize was given.
The Structure of DNA
A DNA ________ looks like a twisted ladder.
Because of its shape, a DNA molecule is often
called a “_______ _____.” A helix is a shape that
______.
The DNA “Double Helix” Molecule
*Looks like a twisted ladder
*The sides of the ladder are made of
_______________ and _____________>
*The rungs of the ladder are formed by pairs of
______________. Nitrogen bases are molecules
that contain the element _________ and other
elements.
Within the nucleus of every cell are long
________ of DNA, the ____ that holds all
the information needed to ____ and
________ every cell within a living
organism.
The two sides of the DNA ladder are
made up of molecules of a sugar called
______________, alternating with
molecules known as
_____________________.
There are four kinds of nitrogen bases:
__________ (ad uh neen), ______________ (thy
meen), _________________ (gwah neen), and
______________ (sy tuh seen). The capital
letters A, T, G, and C are used to represent the
four bases.
Nitrogen bases
•Adenine always pairs with
____________ and Guanine
always pairs with ____________
•Adenine
A
•Thymine T
•Guanine
G
•Cytosine C
• The ___________
_____ is the order of the
nitrogen bases and the set of instructions
for making a person.
•This is known as the HUMAN
_____________________
The bases on one side of the DNA ladder match up
in a specific way with the bases on the other side.
Adenine (A) - Thymine (T),
Guanine (G) -Cytosine (C)
This pairing pattern is the key to understanding
how DNA ____________________ occurs.
example
ATTCGAACGACCTG
TAAGCTTGCTGGAC
Try your own:
GTAACTGGAACTAG
DNA Replication
A cell makes a copy of its DNA during
___________ before mitosis occurs.
DNA replication ensures that each
___________ cell will have all of the
_______________ information it needs to carry
out its activities.
During DNA replication, special
_______________ move up along the DNA
ladder, _________ the molecule as it moves
along.
A DNA molecule “unzips” between its
paired ______. New bases pair with the
base on each strand. As a result, two
__________ DNA molecules form.
When the enzyme has passed the end of
the DNA, two identical molecules of
DNA are left behind. Each contains one
side of the ________ DNA and one side
made of "new" ________________.
Nucleotides
Units which, when linked to sugar, make up
one side of the DNA ______
New nucleotides move in and go to each side
of the ________ ladder. The bases on these
_________________ are very particular about
what they connect to.