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VERB ENDINGS RECOGNIZE THEM IDENTIFY THEM USE THEM Know the subject pronouns. 1 yo 2 tú 3 él / ella / usted 4 nosotros/nosotras 5 ellos / ellas / ustedes Always memorize the verb endings in the same order as the pronouns. 1 yo 2 tú 3 él / ella / usted 4 nosotros/nosotras 5 ellos / ellas / ustedes 1. What is the verb in its “pure” form called? Infinitive Remember that there are 5 endings to memorize for the Present Tense. 1 yo 2 tú 3 él / ella / usted (These are always the same as each other.) 4 nosotros/nosotras 5 ellos / ellas / ustedes (These are always the same as each other) Know an example of the “Present Indicative” in English. 1. I speak Spanish. 2. You speak Spanish. 3. He speaks Spanish. She speaks Spanish. 4. We speak Spanish. 5. They speak Spanish. THE PRESENT INDICATIVE TENSE AR VERB ENDINGS 1. o 2. as 3. a, a, a 4. amos 5. an, an, an THE PRESENT INDICATIVE ER VERB ENDINGS 1. o 2. es 3. e, e, e 4. emos 5. en, en, en THE PRESENT INDICATIVE IR VERB ENDINGS 1. o 2. es 3. e, e, e 4. imos 5. en, en, en ¡OJO! “ER” AND “IR” ENDING ARE THE SAME EXCEPT FOR THE “NOSOTROS” FORM ER VERB ENDINGS •1. o •2. es •3. e •4. emos •5. en IR VERB ENDINGS 1. o 2. es 3. e 4. imos 5. en 2. What word do all “pure” verbs include in English? To 3. What are the 3 ways these infinitive “pure” verbs end in Spanish? 4. How can you compare a “pure” infinitive verb to a hand grenade? A lot of potential; no action Know how to find the stem of an infinitive verb. To find the stem of an infinitive verb, remove the “ar”, “er’, “ir” at the end of the Infinitive. Remember an “infinitive verb” has not been conjugated. (changed) Now what? • • Put the appropriate ending on the “stem.” “Hablar” is an infinitive verb, an “ar” verb. Remove the “ar” and you are left with the stem. Hablar Habl Add the ending you need. o, as, a, amos, an are the endings. So………. If you want the “yo” form, add the ending for “yo.” Yo o Habl + o = hablo or Yo hablo. Many of the other tenses in Spanish work the same way. The Preterite is one of them. The Preterite is used for talking about something that ended at a definite time in the past. Example: I ate bacon and eggs for breakfast yesterday. Memorize the Preterite endings AR Verbs 1. é 2. aste 3. ó 4. amos 5. aron ER Verbs 1. í 2. iste 3. ió 4. imos 5. ieron IR Verbs 1. í 2. iste 3. ió 4. imos 5. ieron Note: the “er” and “ir” endings are the same. The “Imperfect” is another past tense that works the same way. It is used to talk about an on going, or habitual activity in the past. Example: I used to eat eggs for breakfast everyday. I always ate eggs and bacon. I was eating eggs three times a week. The Imperfect Endings. Ar 1. aba 2. abas 3. aba 4. ábamos 5. aban Er and Ir 1. ía 2. ías 3. ía 4. íamos 5. ían The Future Tense The “Future Tense” is used to talk about things that haven’t happened yet. It is used to talk about future events or things that will happen. In English, the Future Tense always has the word “will” in front of the verb. Example: I will have a chicken ranch and we will eat the eggs! The “Future Endings” are attached to the entire “Infinitive Verb”. Or, in other words, the “Infinitive” is used as the stem. The Infinitive + future ending= the future tense Example: hablar + é = hablaré The Future Endings “Ar,” “Er,” and “Ir” verbs all use the same endings in the Future. 1. é 2. ás 3. á 4. emos 5. án A few verbs are irregular in the Future Tense. You must memorize the irregular stem. Then add the “future endings.” These are the common verbs with an irregular stem in the future. Hacer Tener Venir Salir Poder Poner Querer Saber har + ending tendr + ending vendr+ ending saldr + ending podr + ending pondr + ending querr + ending sabr + ending Here are a few more… Valer Caber Haber Decir valdr +ending cabr + ending habr + ending dir + ending The Present Perfect English example: I have eaten already. The Present perfect is constructed a different way than the previous tenses. It is a compound verb tense. In other words, it is composed of 2 verbs. The Present Perfect The present tense of the verb “haber” is used. “Haber” means “to have”: it is only used in the “Perfect” tenses 1. he 2. has 3. ha 4. hemos 5. han The “Present Perfect” also requires a “past participle.” Form the “past participle” by dropping the “ar, er, ir” ending. Add “ado” for “ar” verbs Add “ido” for “er and ir” verbs Example: hablar habl +ado=hablado “Comer” turns into “comido” “Vivir” turns into “vivido” The Present Perfect uses “haber” and a past participle. Example: Yo he hablado mucho hoy. “he” is the “yo” form of “haber.” “hablado” is the past participle of hablar. In English, ”I have spoken a lot today or I have talked a lot today.” There are some common verbs that form irregular “Past Participles.” Escribir Hacer Decir Abrir Romper Ver Volver Poner escrito hecho dicho abierto roto visto vuelto puesto The Past Perfect English example: I had eaten already. The Past perfect is constructed a different way than the previous tenses. It is a compound verb tense. In other words, it is composed of 2 verbs. The Past Perfect The Imperfect tense of the verb “haber” is used. “Haber” means “to have”: it is only used in the “Perfect” tenses 1. había 2. habías 3. había 4. habíamos 5. habían The “Past Perfect” also requires a “past participle,” just like the “Present Perfect” Form the “past participle” by dropping the “ar, er, ir” ending. Add “ado” for “ar” verbs Add “ido” for “er and ir” verbs Example: hablar habl +ado=hablado “Comer” turns into “comido” “Vivir” turns into “vivido” These are the same “Past Participles” as the “Present Perfect” The Past Perfect uses “haber” and a past participle. Example: Yo había hablado mucho hoy. “había” is the “yo” form of “haber.” “hablado” is the past participle of hablar. In English, ”I had spoken a lot today or I had talked a lot today.” What tense endings are these? 1. é 2. aste 3. ó 4. amos 5. aron Preterite What tense endings are these? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. o as a amos an Present Indicative What tense endings are these? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. é ás á emos án Future What tense endings are these? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. o es e emos en Present Indicative In which tense is this helping verb used? 1. he 2. has 3. ha 4. hemos 5. han Present Perfect What else do you need to make the Present Perfect? A “Past Participle” What are these? Hablado Comido Vivido “Past Participles” What is the past participle for “escribir?” Escribir escrito What is the “past participle” for “ver?” Visto What is the “past participle” for “hacer?” Hecho What is the “past participle” for “romper?” roto