Download I. States of Matter

Ch. 1 - Matter
I. States of Matter
 Kinetic Energy
 States of Matter
A. Kinetic Energy
 Particles of matter are always in
motion.
 The kinetic energy (speed) of these
particles increases as temperature
increases.
B. Four States of Matter
 Solids
 very low KE - particles
vibrate but can’t move
around
 fixed shape
 fixed volume
B. Four States of Matter
 Liquids
 low KE - particles can
move around but are
still close together
 Take the shape of the
container
 fixed volume
B. Four States of Matter
 Gases
 high KE - particles can
separate and move
throughout container
 variable shape
 variable volume
B. Four States of Matter
 Plasma
 very high KE - particles collide with
enough energy to break into
charged particles (+/-)
 gas-like, variable
shape & volume
 stars
Another look at all the
states of matter
Ch. 1 - Matter
II. Matter Flowchart
 Pure Substances
 Mixtures
A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes
MIXTURE
yes
Is the composition
uniform?
Homogeneous
Mixture
(solution)
PURE SUBSTANCE
no
Heterogeneous
Mixture
Colloids
no
Can it be physically
separated?
yes
Can it be chemically
decomposed?
Compound
Suspensions
no
Element
A. Matter Flowchart
 Examples:
 graphite
element
 pepper
hetero. mixture
 sugar (sucrose)
compound
 paint
homo. mixture
 soda
solution
B. Pure Substances
 Element
 composed of identical atoms
 EX: copper wire, aluminum foil
B. Pure Substances
 Compound
 composed of 2 or more
elements in a fixed ratio
 properties differ from those
of individual elements
 EX: table salt (NaCl)
C. Mixtures
 Combination of 2 or more pure
substances.
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
C. Mixtures
 Solution
 homogeneous
 very small particles
 particles don’t settle
 EX: rubbing alcohol
C. Mixtures
 Colloid
 heterogeneous
 medium-sized particles
 particles don’t settle
 EX: milk
C. Mixtures
 Suspension
 heterogeneous
 large particles
 particles settle
 EX: fresh-squeezed
lemonade
C. Mixtures
 Examples:
 mayonnaise
colloid
 muddy water
suspension
 fog
colloid
 saltwater
solution
 Italian salad
dressing
suspension
Ch. 1 - Matter
III. Properties & Changes in
Matter
 Extensive vs. Intensive
 Physical vs. Chemical
A. Extensive vs. Intensive
 Extensive Property
 depends on the amount of matter
present
 Intensive Property
 depends on the identity of substance,
not the amount
A. Extensive vs. Intensive
 Examples:
 boiling point
intensive
 volume
extensive
 mass
extensive
 density
intensive
 conductivity
intensive
B. Physical vs. Chemical
 Physical Property
 can be observed without changing the
identity of the substance
 Chemical Property
 describes the ability of a substance to
undergo changes in identity
B. Physical vs. Chemical
 Examples:
 melting point
physical
 flammable
chemical
 density
physical
 magnetic
physical
 tarnishes in air
chemical
B. Physical vs. Chemical
 Physical Change
 changes the form of a substance
without changing its identity
 properties remain the same
 Chemical Change
 changes the identity of a substance
 products have different properties
B. Physical vs. Chemical
 Signs of a Chemical Change
 change in color or odor
 formation of a gas
 formation of a precipitate (solid)
 change in light or heat
B. Physical vs. Chemical
 Examples:
 rusting iron
chemical
 dissolving in water
physical
 burning a log
chemical
 melting ice
physical
 grinding spices
physical
How would you separate the following
mixture?






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IRON FILINGS, SALT, CHALK POWDER AND WATER
Dissolve as much of the mixture as possible
Add water and stir
Filter the mixture so that the soluble salt will be obtained in
the filtrate and the insoluble chalk powder will be the residue
on the filter paper
Place the dry mixture into a beaker
Dry out the filter paper to keep the dry chalk powder
Use a magnet to attract and extract the iron filings from the
dry mixture
Pour the filtrate into an evaporating basin to evaporate the
water and leave behind the salt