Download Formation of Western Europe

Formation of
Western Europe
Chapter 14
I. Crusades
• Palestine – Holy land where Jesus
lived and taught
• European Christians made regular
pilgrimages to Palestine
• 1000s – Islamic Turks took over the
holy land and Christians were no
longer allowed to visit
A. Call for War
• 1095 – Pope Urban II called for a war
to take back the holy land from the
Muslims
• Crusades – Holy war to retake Palestine
• Urban II claimed anyone killed fighting
in the Crusades would go straight to
heaven
Holy War
B. Myths About Islam
• Believed that Muslims
worshiped many gods
• Believed that Muslims eat
babies
• Believed the Muslims worshiped
idols
C. First Crusade (1096-1099)
• Nobles stopped fighting each other and
joined the Crusades
• Widespread excitement for the 1st
Crusade
• 1st Crusade was the only successful one for
the Christians
• Were able to recapture Jerusalem and
establish the Crusader States
D.
nd
2
Crusade
• Christian armies suffered
humiliating defeats
• Gained nothing and were
forced to retreat
E.
rd
3
Crusade
• Richard the Lion-Hearted –
English King who led the 3rd
Crusade
• Muslims regained Jerusalem but
allowed unarmed Christians to
freely visit the holy land
F. Other Crusades
• 5 more unsuccessful crusades were
attempted
• Children’s Crusade – 30,000 unarmed
children went to the holy land
• Believe that God would lead them to
victory
• Most were killed or sold into slavery
G. Spanish Crusade
• Moors – Muslims who controlled most
of Spain until the 1100s
• Reconquista – Effort by Spain to
drive the Moors out of the country
• 1492 – Spain ends the Moor’s rule
under the leadership of Ferdinand
and Isabella
Charles Martel’s Victory
in the Battle of Tours
• Spain is unified as a Christian
nation
• Inquisition – Church court that
tried people for heresy
• People charged of heresy were
either tortured or burnt at the
stake
Spanish Inquisition
H. Effect of the Crusades
• 1) Lessened the Pope’s power
• 2) Lessened the power of the feudal
nobility
• 3) Created bitterness between
Christians and Muslims that continues
today
• 4) Increased the persecution of Jews