Download Evolution Study Guide

Evolution: AP Bio Review Guide
Text ch. 22 – 26
Key Terms:
Adaptation
Analogous Structures
Artificial Selection
Convergent Evolution
Micro vs. Macro Evolution
Fossil
Homologous Structures
Natural Selection
Population
Species
Vestigial Structures
Common Ancestor
Galapagos Islands
Importance of Finches
Gene Pool
Population Genetics
Mutation
Equilibrium Population
Genetic Drift
Population Bottleneck
Founder Effect
Gene Flow
BLAST
Sexual Selection
Directional Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Disruptive Selection
Extinction
Speciation
Allopatric Speciation
Sympatric Speciation
Geographical Isolation
Prezygotic Reproductive Barriers
Postzygotic Reproductive Barriers
Divergent Speciation
Morphology
Gradualism
Punctuated Equilibrium
Chemical & Prebiotic evolution
Stanley Miller Apparatus
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Endosymbiosis
“The Origin of Species”
Descent with Modification
Cladogram/phylogenetic tree
Learning Objectives for this Unit:
 What observations did Darwin make that led him to the Theory of Evolution
by Natural Selection?
 Distinguish between homologous structures, analogous structures and
vestigial structures and relate these to divergent vs. convergent evolution.
 Give examples of observed evolution.
 Describe how 5 different types of evidence support the Theory of Evolution.
 Why is creationism not considered to be a scientific theory?
 Why do small populations tend to evolve faster than larger populations (see
genetic drift)?
 Distinguish between directional, stabilizing, and disruptive selection.
 What criteria would need to be met in order for a population to NOT evolve?
 What are transitional fossils? Give examples.
 What is the difference between evolution and speciation?
 Describe five factors that drive evolution.
 Compare allopatric to sympatric speciation, include similarities and
differences.
 Describe how polyploidy chromosomal changes lead to sympatric speciation.
 Describe how geographical barries lead to allopatric speciation
 Define species. How do we know when organisms are in the same species?
 What can cause one species to evolve into two different species. (divergent
speciation)
 What can cause one species to accumulate so many changes that new
populations are distinct from older populations.
 What pre and post-zygotic barriers prevent interbreeding between
individuals of different species?
 Identify the role of adaptations, variation, time, reproductive success and
heritability in evolution.
 Compare gradualism to punctuated equilibrium.
 Generate cladograms using scientific evidence (molecular, anatomical, etc.)
 Calculate allele frequencies.
 Describe endosymbiosis and infolding hypotheses to explain eukaryote
evolution. Cite evidence for endosymbiosis.
 Describe how prokaryotic and eukaryotic life may have emerged,
characteristics of primitive planet, Miller/Urey expmnt,
 Apply Radiometric dating of fossils and rocks.
 Describe the 3 domains of life, including their similarities and differences.
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