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EVOLUTION TEST REVIEW SHEET
CHAPTER 14 QUESTIONS
Question
1. Term that means living things can only arise from
other living things
2. Term that means living things can arise from
non-living things
3. Scientist who tested the hypothesis of
spontaneous generation by using one jar of covered
meat and one jar of uncovered meat. He then
looked for the appearance of maggots.
4. Scientist who tested the hypothesis of
spontaneous generation with open curve-necked
flasks of broth
5. Age of the Earth
6. First living cells must have been _____________
(couldn’t make their own food) and ____________
(didn’t have a nucleus)
7. A mutually beneficial relationship in which one
organism lives inside of another
8. The theory that states that eukaryotes evolved
when a larger prokaryote ingested but did not
digest a smaller prokaryote
9. According to #8, aerobic prokaryotes that lived
inside of larger prokaryotes eventually gave rise to
these organelles (that carry out cellular respiration
in your cells)
10. According to #8, photosynthetic prokaryotes
that lived inside of larger prokaryotes eventually
gave rise to these organelles of plant cells.
CHAPTER 15 QUESTIONS
11. Place where Darwin visited and got his ideas for
his theory
12. The process by which populations of organisms
change over time
13. The mechanism that Darwin proposed for
evolution
14. Scientist who stated that individuals could
acquire traits during their lifetime and then pass
these on to their offspring
FORMAT OF TEST:
 40 M/C
 5 Completion
 3 Short Answer
50 POINTS TOTAL
Answer
BIOGENESIS
ABIOGENESIS (SPONTANEOUS
GENERATION)
FRANCESCO REDI
LOUIS PASTEUR
4.6 BILLION YEARS OLD
HETEROTROPHIC
PROKARYOTIC
ENDOSYMBIOSIS
ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY
MITOCHNODRIA
CHLOROPLASTS
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
EVOLUTION
NATURAL SELECTION
LAMARCK
15. Was #14 above correct in his thoughts about
acquired characteristics being passed on? Why or
why not?
16. The process by which an organism becomes
better suited (and more successful) in its
environment (OR A TRAIT THAT MAKES AN
INDIVIDUAL MORE SUCCESSFUL IN ITS
ENVIRONMENT)
17. The process by which those organisms who are
better adapted to their environment survive and
reproduce more than those who are not as well
adapted
18. Why must organisms compete for resources?
19. The four main points of Darwin’s theory of
natural selction.
NO – ONLY GENETIC CHANGES CAN BE
PASSED ON TO ONE’S OFFSPRING
20. A single organism’s genetic contribution to the
next generation (its ability to survive longer and
reproduce more)
21. Anatomical features that are similar in
structure, but may be different in function. (Your
arm and your cat’s front leg)
22. What do #21 provide evidence of?
23. Structures that have same function but evolved
independently with a different design (ex/bird wing
& insect wing)
24. A structure that seem to serve no useful
function but resemble structures that have
functional roles in other organisms (appendix)
25. This principle states that fossils found in lower
rock layers are older than those found in layers
closer to the surface
26. The fact that different species can have similar
macromolecules (proteins, DNA sequences) proves
that they have descended from a ______ ________
FITNESS
ADAPTATION
NATURAL SELECTION
BECAUSE THEY ARE LIMITED
OVERPRODUCTION – more offspring are
produced than survive
VARIATION – individuals are different
within a population
STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL – individuals
must compete for resources
DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTION – only
those with the best adaptations will
survive and reproduce, thus passing on
those beneficial genes to the next
generation
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
A COMMON ANCESTOR
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES
SUPERPOSITION
COMMON ANCESTOR
27. When comparing macromolecules (like protein
sequences) what is the rule for evolutionary
relationships?
28. Process by which descendants of a single
ancestor diversify into different species that each fit
different parts of the environment.
29. Similarities that arise between organisms who
have different ancestors are examples of this type
of evolution.
30. Over millions of years, pollinators have changed
in response to changes in the plants they pollinate.
This is an example of what?
CHAPTER 16 QUESTIONS
31. What are the three sources of genetic variation
in a population?
THE MORE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE
SEQUENCES OF THE MOLECULES MEANS
THE MORE CLOSELY RELATED THE
SPECIES ARE (SHARE A MORE RECENT
COMMON ANCESTOR)
DIVERGENT EVOLUTION (ADAPTIVE
RADIATION)
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
COEVOLUTION
MUTATIONS
RECOMBINATION
RANDOM FERTILIZATION
32. Change in the genetic material of a cell
33. All of the alleles of a population of species
34. If evolution is occurring, what happens to the
allele frequencies in the gene pool
35. Allele frequencies stay the same over many
generations
36. List the 5 conditions for MAINTAINING genetic
equilibrium
MUTATION
GENE POOL
THEY CHANGE
37. List 5 DISRUPTIONS to genetic equilibrium (hint:
most are opposite of #36)
1) MUTATIONS
2) GENE FLOW
(IMMIGRATION/EMMIGRATION)
3) GENETIC DRIFT
4) NON-RANDOM MATING
5) NATURAL SELECTION
38. What kind of selection results when those at
either end of bell curve have better fitness than
those in middle? Draw a picture
DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM
1. No mutations
2. Individuals neither enter
nor leave the population
3. Large population
4. Random mating
5. No selection
39. What kind of selection results when those at
center of curve are better fit for their environment?
Draw a picture
STABILIZING SELECTION
40. What kind of selection results when those at
one end of curve have higher fitness than those at
other end? Draw a picture
DIRECTIONAL SELECTION
41. The phenomenon that occurs when an allele
becomes more or less common b/c of chance
42. What kinds of populations tend to have more
genetic drift?
43. What kind of genetic drift occurs when a few
individuals colonize a new area?
44. How are natural selection and genetic drift
similar?
45. Separation of a population by a river
46. In order for speciation to occur, this must
happen between two populations
GENETIC DRIFT
SMALL ONES
FOUNDER EFFECT
BOTH INVOLVE A CHANGE IN ALLELE
FREQUENCIES OF A POPULATION
GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION