Download From Cells to Systems

Parts of a cell
1. Nucleus - controls the activity of the cell, and
responsible for the production of new cells. (A &
P)
2. Chromosomes - threadlike structures that
contain information about the characteristics of
the organism. (A & P)
3. Cell Membrane - a covering that holds the
cell together, and separates it from its
surroundings. (A & P)
4. Cytoplasm - a jellylike substance that
contains many chemicals to keep the cell
functioning. (A & P)
5. Vacuoles - an organelle that stores food,
water, and waste. (A & P)
6. Mitochondria - organelles that release
energy from food. (A & P)
7. Cell wall - a rigid layer that supports and
protects the plant cell. (P)
8. Chloroplasts - organelles that make food for
the plant cell. (P)
Tissues, Organs, and Systems
Four kinds of human tissue:
1. muscle tissue - made up of cells that contract
and relax when they receive signals from the brain.
This allows movement of the skeleton.
2. nervous tissue - Our 5 senses are made up of
nervous tissue. The brain and spinal cord are also
made up of nervous tissue.
3. connective tissue - It includes the tissue in
bones, cartilage, and tendons. Blood is also
considered connective tissue.
4. epithelial tissue - This includes the body
coverings of an animal. It also lines most internal
organs.
Cells make tissue, tissues make organs, and organs
make systems.
Systems make up organisms (humans). Ten
systems make up the human body. Every system
has a special job to do.
From Cells to Systems
(Lesson Two)
There is no one system more important than the
other. They are all equally important. These systems
are all connected somehow.
Circulatory System: Consists of the heart, blood,
veins, arteries, and capillaries. This system is
responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.
Respiratory System: Consists of the nose, mouth,
lungs, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
This system supplies oxygen to all parts of the body.
Digestive System: Contains the mouth, teeth,
saliva, esophagus, stomach, acid, small and large
intestines. Get rid of solid waste.
Excretory System: Contains the kidneys, nephrons,
ureters, bladder, and urethra. Gets rid of liquid
waste.
From Cells to Systems
(Lesson Three)
Bones and Joints - 206 Bones and 230 Joints in
the human body. Bones contain bone marrow,
which produces red and white blood cells. One key
nutrient needed for healthy bones is calcium. Bones
support and protect organs within the human body.
They also allow us to move and give us our shape.
Ligaments attach bone to bone at the joints.
Muscular System - Consists of 600+ muscles. The
muscles are connect to the bones by tendons. The
muscles help the skeletal system move the body.
Four types of muscles: 1. smooth muscle 2. skeletal
muscle 3. voluntary muscle 4. cardiac muscle.
Cardiac muscle can only be found within the heart.