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Human Body Systems Study Guide Skeletal System 1. Name the 4 parts of a bone and describe the differences between them. a. __________________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________________ c. __________________________________________________________________ d. __________________________________________________________________ 1) ____________________________________________________________ 2) ____________________________________________________________ 2. The joint that provides the greatest range of motion is called the ____________________. It is found in the ________________ and ________________. 3. Joints that only move back and forth are called ______________ joints and are found in the ___________________ and ____________________. 4. __________________ and ___________________ are minerals that are stored in bones. 5. One function of the skeletal system is protecting vital organs such as _________________ _________________________________. 6. List the two divisions of the skeleton and the bones associated with them. a. __________________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________________ 7. What are the scientific names for these bones? a. backbone ______________ b. thighbone ______________ c. toes and fingers ______________ d. shoulder blade ______________ e. kneecap ______________ f. upper arm ______________ 8. The skull is consists of ______________joints except for the jaw. Muscular System 9. What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament? _________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 10. The ______________is a sheet of muscle that helps draw air into the lungs and is an example of a(n) _________________ muscle because we can’t ______________it. 11. What is the function of the muscular system? _____________________ 12. Why are biceps and triceps muscles placed into the voluntary muscle category? _______ _________________________________________________________________________. 13. Muscles are made of many fibers that are held together by _____________________. 14. Cardiac muscle is only found in the ______________, whereas smooth muscle is found in the _____________________. 15. In a complete sentence, explain the difference between resistance exercise and aerobic exercise. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 16. Because muscles work in pairs to lift your arm, when one muscle ______________, the other relaxes. Nervous System 17. The nervous system receives and responds to information as well as ________________ ___________________________________________ 18. The difference between gray matter and white matter is that _______________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 19. An impulse starts at the ___________________ that surround the cell body and travels down the _________________ towards the ______________________________. 1 20. Name the two types of neurons and describe their function. a. __________________________________________________________________. b. __________________________________________________________________. 21. Explain how the signal crosses the synapse to travel from one neuron to another. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 22. List the 2 divisions of the nervous system and what structure(s) is/are in each division: a. __________________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________________ 23. The part of the brain that knows the position of the body is known as the _____________. 24. The part of the brain that controls _______________ movement is known as the medulla. 25. The part of the brain that controls ______________ movement is known as the cerebrum. Reproductive System 26. _______________ are chemicals that regulate body functions and _______________ is a hormone that increases _______________ and bone mass and causes ______________ of body hair. 27. In the female reproductive system, what is the function of the ovaries? _______________ _____________________________________________________________________ 28. What connects the embryo to the placenta, what does it contain, and what is its function? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 29. List 4 structures, in order, that the sperm passes, starting at the testes. ______________ _____________________________________________________________________ 30. Describe the pathway of the egg in the female reproductive system. _________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 31. In what protective organ does a baby grow and develop? ______________ 32. What 2 things do the testes produce? ________________________________________ 33. Explain the function of the epididymis. ________________________________________ 34. When an egg unites with a sperm it is called ______________. 35. The process of releasing a mature egg from the ovary is known as ______________. 36. What is implantation? _____________________________________________________ 37. The menstrual cycle of a female is when ______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 38. What is a fetus? _________________________________________________________. 39. What does the prostate gland produce? _______________________________________ Circulatory System 40. What are the three main parts of the circulatory system? __________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 41. What is the difference between an artery, a vein and a capillary? a. __________________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________________ c. __________________________________________________________________. 42. What 3 things are dissolved in the plasma part of blood? __________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 43. The chambers of the heart that receive blood are called ______________. 44. The pumping chambers of the heart are called ______________. 45. What is the difference in function between a red blood cell and a white blood cell? ______ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 46. What does the circulatory system do? ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 47. What is the largest artery in the body called? _______________________ 48. ______________ are flaps of tissues that prevent the backflow of blood. 49. What is the function of the heart? ___________________________. 50. ___________________is measured with a sphygmomanometer. 51. Label these parts of the heart diagram: a. ______________________________ b. ______________________________ c. ______________________________ d. ______________________________ no e f. ______________________________ g. ______________________________ Respiratory System 52. In the alveoli, ___________________ passes into the blood. 53. The main structures of the respiratory system are the a. ___________________ b. ___________________ c. ___________________ d. ___________________ 54. The respiratory system absorbs ___________________ and passes them to the ______. It also removes ___________________ from the body. The Mammalian Eye 55. Label the parts. A. ________________________ B. ____________________ C. ________________________ D. ________________________ E. ________________________ F. ________________________ G. ________________________ H. ________________________ I. ________________________ J. ________________________ K. ________________________ 3