Download Answers Evolution and Classification

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Study Guide: Evolution and Classification
If it is in red then know the Pictures from your notes
Adaptation
Artificial Selection
Animalia
Archaea
Bacteria
Binomial Nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus
Cladogram
Common descent
Dichotomous Key
Directional Selection
Disruptive Selection
Eukarya
Evolution
Fitness
Fossil Record
Fungi
Geographic isolation
Gene Pool
Genus
Homologous structure
Latin and Greek
Natural Selection
Natural Variation
Normal Distribution
Plantae
Protista
Relative Frequency
Reproductive isolation
Struggle for existence
Speciation
Stabilizing Selection
Seven Taxonomic Categories
Species
Taxonomy
Vestigial Organ
Natural Variation
Differences among individuals within a species
Fossil record
The preserved remains of ancient organisms
Natural Selection
Process by which individuals better suited for their environment will survive
and reproduce
All species are derived from common ancestors
Common descent
Homologous Structures
Structures that develop from the same embryonic tissues, but have different
mature forms, like a human hand, cat paw, bat wing and whale flipper
Fitness
The ability of an individual to reproduce and pass genes to the next generation
Vestigial Organ
Organs with little or no function like our appendix
Struggle for existence`
Competition for food, space and other resources among members of a
species
Inherited characteristics (Tool) that increases an organisms chance of
survival, like our opposable thumbs
Adaptation
Evolution
Change in organism over time
Artificial Selection
Humans breed organisms for desired traits, like vegetables
Gene Pool
Combined genetic information of a population
Relative Frequency
Number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool.
Normal distribution
Population with few varieties resulting in a standard bell shape curve
Directional selection
If nature selects for one end of a population the bell curve moves right or left
Stabilizing selection
If nature selects for the middle or average individuals the bell curve becomes
taller in the middle.
Disruptive selection
If nature selects for individuals at both ends then two curves will be created
Speciation
Formation of new species due to the separation of a gene pool over time.
Reproductive isolation
When members of two populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile
offspring.
Geographic isolation
Different species form when separated by physical barriers like rivers or
Mountains
Carlos Linnaeus
Swedish botanist who developed a two-word naming system for organisms
Binomial Nomenclature
Two-word naming system for organisms
Greek and Latin
Languages used by Linnaeus for his naming system
Dichotomous key
Tool that uses pairs of characteristics to help humans identify the name of an
organism
Genus and species
1st and 2nd parts of a scientific name (2 Words)
Taxonomy
Discipline where scientists classify organisms based on a universally accepted
Name
7 taxonomic categories
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species – KNOW THE ORDER!!!
Cladogram
Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms
Eukarya
Domain with organisms that have cells with a nucleus
Bacteria
Domain with organisms that have no nucleus in their cells and peptidoglycan
in their walls
Archaea
Domain with organisms that have no nucleus in their cells and no peptidoglycan
in their cell walls
Protista
Kingdom with unicellular organism that can be autotrophs or heterotrophs
Fungi
Kingdom with multicellular heterotroph organisms
Plantae
Kingdom with multicellular autotrophs and cells with a cell wall
Animalia
Kingdom with multicellular heterotrophs that can move about
Order the steps 1-6 for Speciation of finches on the Galapagos Islands 101
5
Ecological competition causes birds to travel to a new island
6
Continued evolution occurs leading to 13 finch species.
3
Changes in the gene pool occur due to seed size and natural variation
4
Birds have become reproductively isolated and will not mate with birds on other islands
1
Founders arrive, survive and reproduce
2
Geographic isolation between birds on different islands