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Biology Unit 3 Test Review Test Date: _October 25th___ Viruses DNA Envelope Label the virus pictured. Then answer the following questions. 1. What do both viruses and cells have in common? Both have DNA or RNA 2. What do viruses need in order to reproduce?Viruses must have a host cell to reproduce 3. Is the shape to the left the only shape that a virus comes in? No, viruses come in many different shapes. Capsid 4. Draw 2 more viruses that do not look like the one pictured. 5. Explain why a virus cannot reproduce on its own. Viruses lack the organelles needed to perform life functions. They do not have the ability to make protein, use energy or grow. They must use the machinery of the cell to be able to do those things. Draw the cycle for a virus infecting a cell. Give a brief description of what is happening at each step.Step A= Virus attaches to host cell. Step B=virus injects DNA into the host cell. Step C= Cell makes new viral proteins. Step D= Cell assembles new viruses. Step E= New viruses are released as the cell bursts 6. 7. What type of cell does the HIV virus infect? What happens to the immune system of people with HIV virus?HIV infects white blood cells. White blood cells are part of the immune system. A lowered immunity leads to secondary infections 8. AIDS is short for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. What does it mean to have AIDS? AIDS means that your immune system has lost it's ability to protect you from pathogens and diseases. Cell Division 9. Draw the phases of Mitosis. IPMAT 10. Label the phases with a brief description of what happens during each phase. 1= Interphase, where the cell growth occurs, 2= prophase chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form, 3/4= Metaphase where sister chromatids line up on the metaplate, 5= Anaphase where sister chromatids are pulled apart, 6= Telophase where new nucli are formed 7= Cytokinesis where the cell splits 11. If a cell is “diploid” then it has a full set of chromosomes from each parent. If a cell has a diploid number of 10, how many chromosomes will be in the new daughter cells after mitosis? 10 12. Explain the purpose of mitosis. Mitosis is required for growth of an organism and to produce two new IDENTICAL cells. All cells made during mitosis will be identical to the original cell, including having the same number of chromosomes 13. If an original cell has 20 chromosomes, then draw a daughter cell that is diploid…..then draw a daughter cell that is haploid. Which type of cell (diploid or haploid) would result from mitosis?If the original cell has 20 chromosomes, the daughter cell that is diploid also has 20 chromosomes. Diploid cells always result from mitosis 14. What happens when a cell cannot control the rate of mitosis?Cells that do not control their rate of mitosis can divide out of control. This leads to tumors and certain cancers. DNA 15. What part of the DNA is read by the cell and determines the appearance of an organism?The Nitrogen bases of a DNA strand are the "instructions" for making protein. These Nitrogen bases give the organism it's appearance 16. List the 4 biomolecules and give an example of each.Carbohydrate= Sugar Lipid=fat Nucleic Acid= DNA Protein= muscle 17. Which of the above molecules would be most abundantly found in the cell membrane?Proteins and lipids 18. During mitosis it is ESSENTIAL for the DNA to be copied so that each new cell receives a full set. Use the space below to show a basic picture of DNA Replication. Cell Specialization 19. Explain why specialized cells have different shapes and structures. A specialized cell has to have a shape and organelles that help it do it's "job" better. For example, heart muscle cells have a high number mitochondria because they use a lot of energy constantly working. Another example is a plant cell that has a large vacuole. The vacuole is used to store water for the plant cell. Chloroplasts are an example of an organelle that makes a cell specialized. Plants use those chloroplasts to do photosynthesis.