Download Biology Unit 3 Test Review

Biology Unit 3 Test Review
Test Date: _October 25th___
Viruses
DNA
Envelope
Label the virus pictured. Then answer
the following questions.
1. What do both viruses and cells
have in common? Both have
DNA or RNA
2. What do viruses need in order to
reproduce?Viruses must have a
host cell to reproduce
3. Is the shape to the left the only
shape that a virus comes in? No,
viruses come in many different
shapes.
Capsid
4. Draw 2 more viruses that do not look like the one pictured.
5. Explain why a virus cannot reproduce on its own. Viruses lack the organelles
needed to perform life functions. They do not have the ability to make protein, use
energy or grow. They must use the machinery of the cell to be able to do those
things.
Draw the cycle for a virus infecting a cell. Give a brief description of what is happening
at each step.Step A= Virus attaches to host cell. Step B=virus injects DNA into the host
cell. Step C= Cell makes new viral proteins. Step D= Cell assembles new viruses. Step
E= New viruses are released as the cell bursts
6.
7. What type of cell does the HIV virus infect? What happens to the immune system
of people with HIV virus?HIV infects white blood cells. White blood cells are
part of the immune system. A lowered immunity leads to secondary infections
8. AIDS is short for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. What does it mean to
have AIDS? AIDS means that your immune system has lost it's ability to protect
you from pathogens and diseases.
Cell Division
9. Draw the phases of Mitosis. IPMAT
10. Label the phases with a brief description of what happens during each phase. 1=
Interphase, where the cell growth occurs, 2= prophase chromosomes condense,
spindle fibers form, 3/4= Metaphase where sister chromatids line up on the
metaplate, 5= Anaphase where sister chromatids are pulled apart, 6= Telophase
where new nucli are formed 7= Cytokinesis where the cell splits
11. If a cell is “diploid” then it has a full set of chromosomes from each parent. If a
cell has a diploid number of 10, how many chromosomes will be in the new
daughter cells after mitosis? 10
12. Explain the purpose of mitosis. Mitosis is required for growth of an organism and
to produce two new IDENTICAL cells. All cells made during mitosis will be
identical to the original cell, including having the same number of chromosomes
13. If an original cell has 20 chromosomes, then draw a daughter cell that is
diploid…..then draw a daughter cell that is haploid. Which type of cell (diploid
or haploid) would result from mitosis?If the original cell has 20 chromosomes, the
daughter cell that is diploid also has 20 chromosomes. Diploid cells always result
from mitosis
14. What happens when a cell cannot control the rate of mitosis?Cells that do not
control their rate of mitosis can divide out of control. This leads to tumors and
certain cancers.
DNA
15. What part of the DNA is read by the cell and determines the appearance of an
organism?The Nitrogen bases of a DNA strand are the "instructions" for making
protein. These Nitrogen bases give the organism it's appearance
16. List the 4 biomolecules and give an example of each.Carbohydrate= Sugar
Lipid=fat Nucleic Acid= DNA Protein= muscle
17. Which of the above molecules would be most abundantly found in the cell
membrane?Proteins and lipids
18. During mitosis it is ESSENTIAL for the DNA to be copied so that each new cell
receives a full set. Use the space below to show a basic picture of DNA
Replication.
Cell Specialization
19. Explain why specialized cells have different shapes and structures. A specialized
cell has to have a shape and organelles that help it do it's "job" better. For
example, heart muscle cells have a high number mitochondria because they use a
lot of energy constantly working. Another example is a plant cell that has a large
vacuole. The vacuole is used to store water for the plant cell. Chloroplasts are an
example of an organelle that makes a cell specialized. Plants use those
chloroplasts to do photosynthesis.