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Standard Grade Biology Topic 6 Learning Outcomes Inheritance Variation At the end of this topic you should be able to : o state that a group of interbreeding organisms producing fertile offspring is called a species o state that variation can occur within a species o give examples of continuous and discontinuous variation o explain the terms continuous and discontinuous variation Standard Grade Biology Topic 6 Learning Outcomes Inheritance What is Inheritance? GENERAL o state that genetic information from parents determines certain characteristics o give examples of inherited information in plants and animals o understand the meaning of the terms phenotype, genotype, dominant, recessive and true breeding o identify generations as P, F1 and F2 o state that each body cell has 2 matching sets of chromosomes (diploid or 2n) o state that sex cells are called gametes and they have only 1 set (haploid or n) o state that the reduction from 2n to n occurs during gamete formation o 2 haploid gametes unite at fertilisation to form a diploid zygote o state that genes are parts of chromosomes o state that a characteristic is controlled by 2 forms of a gene o state that each parent supplies 1 allele for each gene to the gamete o state that sex is determined by special chromosomes X and Y o state that in humans, female gametes contain one X chromosome and male gametes an X or a Y o explain how sex is determined with reference to the X and Y chromosomes CREDIT o o o o o be able to carry out a monohybrid cross predict the phenotype ratio in the F2 of a monohybrid cross state that the different forms of a gene are called alleles explain a monohybrid cross in terms of genotypes explain the difference between observed and expected results Standard Grade Biology Topic 6 Learning Outcomes Inheritance Genetics and Society GENERAL o give 2 examples of an improved characteristic from selective breeding eg increased yield, disease resistance or increased growth o describe 1 human condition caused by chromosome mutation eg Downs syndrome o state that amniocentesis can detect chromosome characteristics before birth CREDIT o describe 2 examples of enhancement (improvement) through selective breeding o give an example of an advantageous mutation to man o give an example of a factor which can influence the rate of mutation