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Transcript
Evolution and Change Chapter Thirteen: Evolution • 13.1 Evidence for Evolution • 13.2 How Evolution Works • 13.3 Natural Selection Investigation 13B Natural Selection • How does evolution work? 13.3 Mutations • Since Darwin’s time, there has been a growing body of knowledge about heredity. • Today, scientists know that variations in the population of a species are caused by random mutations in genes. • Random mutations in genes produce variations of traits in a population. 13.3 The importance of genetic variation • Some mutations are harmful because they cause genetic disorders. • Mutations may also be helpful because they contribute to genetic variation. • Genetic variation refers to the variety of alleles in a population. 13.3 Extinction • Extinction occurs when the environment changes and the adaptations of a species are no longer sufficient for its survival. 13.3 Extinction • The dodo bird is an example of how human impact may contribute to extinction. • The dodo was first sighted around 1600 on Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean. • The dodo was extinct less than eighty years after its discovery. Ecology Connection Chameleons of the Sea • All animals try to blend into their surroundings. Some are nearly perfect at it. Activity The Hunter and the Hunted • In this activity you will simulate how natural selection works in a population.