Download test ch 15 16

BIOLOGY * LRA * QUIZ #3
Name _________________________ Period ____________
Ch. 15 – Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
For reference, here are 5 points to summarize Darwin’s theory:
 Individual organisms differ. Some of this variation is heritable.
 Organisms produce more offspring than can survive. Many that do survive do not
reproduce.
 Since more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources
(food, space, water, etc.).
 Each organism has different advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existence.
Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully.
These organisms pass their heritable traits to their offspring. Other individuals die or leave
fewer offspring. This process of natural selection causes species to change over time.
 Species alive today are descended with modification from ancestral species that lived in the
distant past. This process, by which diverse species evolved from common ancestors,
unites all organisms on Earth into a single tree of life.
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
In order to be a trait that helps drive evolution, that trait must increase the population’s
fitness
height
lifespan
environment
2. Which of the following ideas proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was later found to be
incorrect?
a. Acquired characteristics can be inherited.
b. All species were descended from other species.
c. Living things change over time.
d. Organisms are adapted to their environments.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its natural environment is called
natural selection
use and disuse
fitness
evolution
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A farmer’s use of the best livestock for breeding is an example of
natural selection
artificial selection
fitness
extinction
5. Which of the following would be a characteristic that would allow an organism to survive in
a varying environment:
a. vestigial organ
b. genetic isolation
c. homologies
d. adaptation
6. Who was the guy who came up with the idea that populations of organisms grow faster
than the space and food needed to support them?
7. What was the name of the book Darwin wrote about his theory?
8. Answer one of the following questions in at least two sentences:
 How is a platypus linked to birds and reptiles?
 What is some evidence for whales having a common ancestor that lived on land?
Ch. 16 – Evolution of Populations
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Genetic drift is more likely to occur in
large populations
medium-sized populations
small populations
a single individual
10. What occurs when allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small
subgroup of a population?
a. directional selection
b. the founder effect
c. speciation
d. genetic equilibrium
11. What principle states that the frequency of an allele in a population will remain constant
unless one or more factors cause that frequency to change?
a. the speciation principle
b. the genetic equilibrium principle
c. the Hardy-Weinberg principle
d. the genetic drift principle
12. Which of the following is required to maintain genetic equilibrium?
a. the population must be small
b. no mutations occur
c. individuals move between populations
d. natural selection occurs
13. What is the formation of a new species called?
a. directional selection
b. speciation
c. founder effect
d. temporal isolation
14. What situation occurs when members of two different species cannot interbreed and
produce fertile offspring?
a.
b.
c.
d.
reproductive isolation
genetic equilibrium
genetic drift
natural selection
15. What kind of isolation occurs when two populations are capable of interbreeding but have
differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior?
a. courtship isolation
b. behavioral isolation
c. geographic isolation
d. temporal isolation
16. Two populations kept separate by a river are characterized by
a. genetic drift
b. disruptive selection
c. geographic isolation
d. temporal isolation
17. What situation occurs when two or more species reproduce at different times?
a. stabilizing selection
b. behavioral isolation
c. geographic isolation
d. temporal isolation
18. Hardy-Weinberg problem: 10 of 65 students at LRA cannot roll their tongue, which is a
recessive trait. Therefore, given that the Hardy-Weinberg equation is p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1,
and given that q2 represents the recessive allele, then 10 / 65 = q2. Given this information,
find the following, expressed as a decimal with two places:
p=
q=
2pq =
p2 =
q2 =
Another equation that might help you is p + q = 1