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Name: ___________________________________ Biology-________ Date __________ Characteristics of Bacteria Worksheet Big Idea! Bacteria are microscopic organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Ideas Bacteria are usually unicellular prokaryotes. Bacteria reproduced by binary fission or conjugation. Bacteria can survive harsh conditions by forming endospores. Part A Match each lettered part of the diagram to its cell structure by writing its letter on the line provided. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. DNA Cell membrane Flagella Cell Wall Pili Cytoplasm Part B Match each term in Column B with its description in Column A by writing its letter on the line provided. _____ 1. small pieces of circular DNA _____ 2. chromosome replication, followed by cell division a. binary fission b. conjugation c. endospore _____ 3. special, dehydrated cell formed when conditions are unfavorable _____ 4. exchange of genetic material through cell-to-cell contact _____ 5. hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria d. pili e. plasmid Part C 1. How does binary fission differ from conjugation? 2. What is a way in which Bacteria can share genetic information? Identify the Domain and Group of prokaryotes based on the descriptions given below. 3. Live in very salty environments such as Great Salt Lake. ______________________________ 4. Live in very hot environments such as thermal vents. ______________________________ 5. Chemoautotrophs that form methane from Hydrogen sulfide. ______________________________ List 3 ecological benefits for the Domain Bacteria. 6. ____________________________________________ 7. ____________________________________________ 8.____________________________________________ Name and Describe the 3 shapes of bacteria. 9. ______________ 10. _________________________________________________________________ 11. ______________ 12. _________________________________________________________________ 13. ______________ 14. _________________________________________________________________ 15. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are examples of which shape of bacteria. _____________________ 16. What is the difference between Gram Positive and Gram Negative? 17. What are three types of environments in which archaebacteria are found? 18. Where is the genetic material of a bacterium found? 19. What structure do some bacteria use to move? 20. Compare/Contrast Archaea and Eubacteria TERMS: Unicellular thrive in extreme conditions form colonies Prokaryotic can live without oxygen Plasmid DNA thermophiles some aerobic and some anaeorobic Cell wall methanogens Pili halophiles flagella live everywhere Archaea ONLY Eubacteria ONLY come in different shapes E.coli is an example Peptidoglycan in cell wall Archaea & Eubacteria Archaea – early or primitive - Derived from one of the oldest groups of living organisms on earth - They thrive under extreme conditions (conditions that other organisms cannot tolerate) - Many live without oxygen - 3 types: thermophiles, methanogens, halophiles - Thermophiles live in extremely HOT environments (over 45) like hot springs - Methanogens grow on H2 and CO2 to procude methane gas, foundin places LOW in O2 like deep sea vents, swamps, intestines (these are decomposers) - Halophiles live in very salt environments Eubacteria – more common bacteria that are found everywhere - Shape - (coccus, bacillus, spirillus), formation of colonies - Cell wall composition – amount of peptidoglycan in their cell wall - respiration: aerobic (use oxygen) and anaerobic bacteria (don’t use oxygen, use sulphur) - Anaerobic example (e. Coli is an example of this). - what they eat (autotrophs, chemosynthetic, heterotrophs) - autotrophs – make their own food from inorganic substances - heterotrophs – break down organic compounds for energy (most bacteria are heterotrophs) - chemosynthetic – use chemical reactions as their energy source - Asexually reproduce by binary fission - Sexually reproduce by conjugation - optimum conditions for bacteria to survive? – constant temperature, standard food source