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Introductory to Biology Genetics Unit Test 25 Multiple Choice/Matching (2points each) 4 Short Answer (5points each) 1 Essay (10points) 80 points possible Matching: Identify the definition on the right with the term on the left. Each definition may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Write the letter of the definition in the blank next to the term on the left. ____ 1. Alleles A. Cell that has two copies of each gene. ____ 2. Diploid B. Cell that has both the dominant and ____ 3. Genotype recessive forms of a gene. ____ 4. Gregor Mendel C. Form of a gene ____ 5. Heterozygous D. Cell that has four or more copies of each ____ 6. Hybrid gene. ____ 7. Independent Assortment E. Molecule that aids in the copying of DNA F. Monk whose work with peas helped establish current genetic theories G. Organisms that has genes from two or more separate species H. The accumulation of mutations I. When genes separate during meiosis, they have no influence on each other J. The total genetic makeup of an organism Match the terms of DNA transcription and translation with the definitions on the right. Place the letter of the appropriate definition in the blank. Responses will be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. The protein that creates the mRNA 1. Ribosome _______ strand from the DNA template 2. RNA polymerase ______ B. The process by which DNA strands are 3. Unzipping ______ separated. 4. Uracil _____ C. The location where mRNA and tRNA meet. D. The codon that replaces thymine in mRNA E. A collection of amino acids bonded by peptide bonds. Multiple choice questions: To indicate your response, circle the letter of your answer. 1. Identify the correct purpose of cyclin in the mitosis cell cycle from the following options: a. Cyclins cause cells to die when the cyclin’s concentration gets too high. b. The concentration of cyclins within a cell regulates the timing of the steps in the cell cycle. c. Cyclins tie themselves around chromosomes to pull them apart during metaphase. d. Cyclins cause the cell plate to grow after telophase in animal cells. 2. Select the step of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes are pulled apart: a. Anaphase I b. Metaphase II c. Prophase I d. Telophase II 3. A rat with genes AABB mates with another rat that has the genes aabb. What is the only possible genetic offspring that they could produce? a. AABB b. AaBb c. aaBb d. aabb 4. Human beings are diploid. To reproduce, the gametes produced by mating individuals are: a. Diploid b. Haploid c. Polypoid d. Triploid 5. A gene map shows a. the number of possible alleles for a gene. b. the relative locations of genes on a chromosome. c. where chromosomes are in a cell. d. how crossing over occurs in a cell. 6. A situation in which a gene has two or more genes that contribute to a phenotype is known as a. complete dominance. b. codominance c. polygenic dominance d. multiple alleles 7. Unlike in males, meiosis in females results in the formation of a. one diploid cell. b. one haploid cell and three polar bodies c. three haploid polar bodies. d. four diploid gamete cells. 8. The physical characteristics of an organism are known as its a. genotype b. karyotype c. phenotype d. polar bodies 9. A nucleotide does NOT contain a. a 5-carbon sugar. b. polymerase. c. a nitrogen base. d. a phosphate group. 10. A student looks through a microscope and sees the following: What kind of cell is this? a. A Plant cell b. A virus c. An animal d. A bacterium 11. A geneticist studying fruit flies hypothesizes that short wings are a recessive trait coded for by a single gene. Which observation is most likely to have led her to form this hypothesis? a. Flies have wing lengths ranging from very short to very long. b. Flies with long wings are less likely to survive. c. Flies with long wings can produce offspring with short wings. d. Flies with short wings prefer to mate with flies with long wings. The next two questions (12 and 13) refer to the following image: 12. In eukaryotic cells, the process indicated by arrow A occurs in the : a. cytoplasm b. ribosome c. nucleus d. cell membrane 13. In all (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic) cells, process B occurs in the: a. cytoplasm. b. ribosome c. nucleus d. cell membrane The following question (14) refers to the following image: 14. The diagram shows the normal sequence of genes in a particular chromosome. Which chromosome could have resulted from a deletion that occurred in this chromose? a. b. c. d. SHORT ANSWER: 1. Write the complimentary RNA strand to the following DNA strand: 3’-TAATAAGCACCAGCCG-5’ __________________________ Write the DNA strand from the following RNA strand: 3’-UAUGCGCCAGCAGGGC-5’ ___________________________ 2. A male is color blind, indicated by XbY. His wife is not, as indicated by XX. Draw out a Punnett square for their offspring. Is it possible for any of their offspring to be colorblind? Which of the offspring will be carriers for color blindness? 3. Give two reasons why you would not want to have your genetic profile made public: _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe why mice and peas are good examples of model organisms used by scientists in genetic studies, and why other organisms, such as dogs and other large mammals are not. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ESSAY: Diagram the processes of mitosis and meiosis (both meiosis I and II). Compare and contrast the two processes and describe their ultimate outcomes, using the following terms: diploid, haploid, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, crossing over, chromosomes, homologous, gametic. 10 points possible.