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Answer Key_
50_/ 50
Name: __
Score: _
Pretest: Ch 23 & 24: Bacteria and Viruses
C__ rod shaped bacteria
1. __
F__ outermost layer in some (but
2. __
A. antibiotic
B. antibiotic resistance
not all) bacteria
C. bacillus
D. bacteriophage
copied into DNA and becomes part
of the host’s genome
E. binary fission
F. capsule
G. coccus
as part of their name
H. Gram negative
I. Gram positive
M__ a virus that contains RNA that gets
3. __
O__ clusters of bacteria have this word
4. __
A__ drug used to treat a bacterial infection
5. __
N__ spiral shaped bacteria
6. __
I
J. latent phage
K. plasmid
L. prokaryote
M. retrovirus
7. __ __ bacteria that have cell walls that are
simple and dye purple, cause anthrax,
botulism and strep throat
N. spirillum
O. staphyloP. strepto-
8. __
Q. vaccine
R. vector
L__ has no nuclear membrane and no organelles
with membranes.
R__ organism that spreads a viral disease,
9. __
S. virulent phage
sometimes without being affected
K__ small extra piece of DNA exchanged by bacteria during sexual
10. __
reproduction
P__ chains of bacteria have this word as part of their name
11. __
B__ when drugs that kill bacteria no longer work
12. __
D__ a virus that attacks a bacteria
13. __
Q__ drug used to prevent a viral infection
14. __
J___ a virus that may remain dormant (inactive) in the body for a long time.
15. __
Herpes and HIV are examples.
G__ round bacteria
16. __
H__ bacteria that have cell walls that are complex and dye red
17. __
E__ asexual reproduction in bacteria
18. __
S__ viruses that act quickly to destroy host cells
19. __
20. – 21. Describe the two ways that bacteria are classified
By gram stain…Gram positive have simple
cell walls and stain purple, Gram negative have
complex cell walls and stain pink.
By shape….round, rod or spiral (coccus,
bacillus, spirillum)…and group cluster or strips
(staphylo or strepto)
22. - 23. Name two good things and two bad things that bacteria do for/to us.
Make food for us (cheese, yogurt, pickles,
coffee), create medicines, digest waste, part of
nitrogen cycle
Cause diseases (staph infections, strep
throat, E. coli), spoil food
Use the following terms to label the bacteria (right) and virus (left). Letters may be
used once, more than once or not at all.
A. Capsid
B. Cell membrane
C. Cell wall
D. Cilia
E. DNA
F. DNA or RNA
G. Flagellum
H. Head
I. Pilli
J. Ribosome
K. Tail
Btw…bacteria and viruses come in many shapes…these are just “generic” diagrams
of no one particular virus or bacterium.
A__
F__
27. __
J__
24. __
C__
29. __B__
33. __
28. __
H__
25. __
E__
30. __
I
32. __ __
G__
31. __
K__
26. __
Bacteria can reproduce in 4 different ways. Describe each of these:
Binary fission, the bacterium just copies
DNA and splits in two
34. Asexual:
takes in DNA from an outside source
(e.g. dead bacterium)
35. Transformation:
Two bacteria exchange plasmids
(small piece of DNA)
36. Conjugation:
A virus takes up a small piece of bacterial
DNA and passes it along to be copied
37. Transduction:
38. – 39. Describe what a plasmid is and the role it plays in antibiotic resistance.
A plasmid is a small, separate loop of DNA
Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics by passing
along the plasmid during conjugation. This means
our medicines will no longer work on them.
40. – 41. Are viruses alive? Explain why/why not.
No…can’t reproduce (on own), can’t metabolize
(make/use energy), can’t grow, can’t perform
homeostasis, doesn’t respond to environment
42. – 43. Name two ways to control viral disease.
Vaccines…prevent before it spreads by
“priming” body’s immune system
Antiviral drugs…there are a few, but antibiotics
DO NOT WORK against viruses
Control the vector…whatever is spreading it
Viruses reproduce through two cycles, the lytic and lysogenic cycles. Explain the
steps in each.
Virus infects cell,
injects its DNA/RNA
44.
The DNA forms a
circle
47b.
45.
Viral DNA becomes
part of cell DNA
44.
46b.
45.
46a.
48a.
46a.
47a.
when cell reproduces, viral DNA is copied,
too
47a.
48a.
Eventually the cell enters the lytic cycle
Viral DNA takes over protein synthesis
process and makes new viruses instead of other
cell proteins
46b.
New viruses burst forth killing the cell and
move on to infect new cells at #44 again.
47b.