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Download 3 U Biology – Genetics Unit Test
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1 3 U Biology – Genetics Unit Test Name : __________________________ Part A - Answer on Scantron cards. Please use a pencil. 1. The alleles Tt (T=tall, t=short) are an example of (A) homozygous dominant genotype (B) heterozygous genotype (D) recessive phenotype (E) none of them (C) homozygous recessive genotype 2. All the offspring from a certain cross are heterozygous. The most likely explanation for this common genotype is: (A) both parents are homozygous dominant. (B) both parents are heterozygous. (C) both parents are homozygous recessive. (D) one parent is heterozygous, the other is homozygous. (E) one parent is homozygous dominant, the other homozygous recessive. 3. Which of the following is not part of Mendel’s Law of Segregation? (A) Hereditary characteristics are determined by distinct factors. (B) Identical factors make up a pure line. (C) For each characteristic, an individual carries one factor from each parent. (D) The two factors of each pair separate into the gamete. (E) Both A and C. 4. According to the Law of Independent Assortment, gametes produced by an individual with genotype AaBb may carry the following combinations alleles: (A) A,a,b,B (B) AB and ab only (C) AB, Ab, aB and ab (D) A and B only (E) AaBb only 5. In humans, normal females have the following genotypes: (A) XX (B) XY (C) X (D) XXX (E) XXY 6. The carrier of a sex-linked or X-linked condition, such as hemophilia, has ____ recessive gene(s), and is always__________. The missing terms in order are: (A) 1 and female (B) 2 and female (C) 3 and male (D) 4 and male (E) 1 and male 7. Down syndrome is caused by: (A) alcoholism (B) an extra chromosome (C) X rays (D) dominant genes (E) recessive genes 8. Homer Simpson has blood type O and Mrs. Simpson has blood type AB. They have three children of their own, and they’ve adopted another one. Which of the children is/are adopted if Bart has blood type O, Belinda blood type B, Zebedee, and Tyler both have blood type A . (A) Bart (B) Belinda (C) Zebedee (D) Tyler (E) both Zebedee and Tyler 9. When red carnations are crossed with white ones, the offspring are all pink. This is an example of: (A) straight dominance (B) recessive genes (C) incomplete dominance (D) co-dominance (E) dominant genes 10. Rare genetic diseases, such as Tay Sachs disease are caused by: (A) a poor diet (B) two dominant alleles (D) birth problems (E) faulty blood types ( C ) two recessive alleles 11. Select the CORRECT statement: (A) Lethal genes cause curable diseases. (B) Most genetically caused diseases affect women. (C) An individual with XXY chromosomes is a normal female. (D) Human skin colour is determined by several genes , i.e. it is an example of multifactorial inheritance. (E) An individual with XO has Down syndrome . 2 12. The normal number of chromosomes in a human (A) 12 (B) haploid ( C ) 23 reproductive cell is: (D) 46 (E) both B and C For questions 13 to 20, match the statement in the left column, with the terms in the right column. Continue to use your Scantron card. Some answers need TWO letters. 13. Structure that holds sister chromatids together A. Zygote 14. They contain similar but not always identical genetic information. B. Cross-over 15. During prophase, a chromosome consists of these structures C. Diploid 16 It consists of two homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis D. Tetrad 17. The exchange of chromosome parts during prophase I of meiosis E. Non-disjunction 18. The chromosome number in the daughter cells at the end of meiosis. AB. Homologous chromosomes 19, Chromosome number in the daughter cells of mitosis. AC. Centromeres 20. The faulty separation of chromosomes that results in major abnormalities AD. Chromatids AE. Centrioles BC. haploid 21. Which of the following would not be an example of asexual reproduction: (A) cloning (B) budding (C) pollination (D) binary fission (E) growing from cuttings 22. A change on the genetic structure of an organism is called: (A) a mutation (B) a genotype (C) a heterozygote (E) a hybrid (D) a phenotype 23. The term locus refers to the _____________ of _______________ in a chromosome. The missing terms, in order, are: (A) number, traits (B) presence, alleles (C) types, genes (D) position, a particular gene (E) kind, abnormality 24. Select the INCORRECTLY matched pair of terms: (A) aneuploidy – extra chromosome (B) Sex-linked traits – Y-chromosome (C) autosomes – non-sex chromosomes (D) karyotype – types of chromosomes (E) determines child’s gender- sperm cells 25. In which part of the cell cycle dies the division of the cytoplasm take place: (A) mitosis (B) interphase (C) G phase (D) S phase (E) cytokinesis 3 25 marks Part B. Answer on this page. Please note that you should clearly state the phenotypes as well as the genotypes in each problem. 1. Human ABO blood type is determined by three alleles, IA, IB, and i. The first two are dominant and the last is recessive. Show clearly by means of a Punnett square. (a) that two parents with blood types A and B respectively may have children with all the four blood types, (b) that two parents , both with blood type O, can have children only with blood type O. 6 marks 2. Eye colour in fruit flies is a sex-linked trait carried on the X chromosome only, with the red allele ( XR) dominant and the white allele (Xr) recessive. Males in fruit flies have XY chromosomes and females , XX chromosomes. Show by means of a Punnett square the possible offspring of a red-eyed heterozygous female and a white-eyed male. 4 marks 3. Given T= tall, t=short and Y=yellow and y=green in a particular plant, show by means of an appropriate Punnett square all the possible offspring of the following dihybrid cross and state the phenotype ratios. TtYy X Ttyy 6 marks 4. Define the meanings of the following terms: (a) phenotype (b) trisomy (c) incomplete dominance (d) cross-over 4 marks 4