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Roman Government: • The Roman government governed over 1,000 miles of land successfully. • It was able to collect taxes from every edge of the Empire(places like Judea, and Spain). • It was able to conduct massive public works projects such as paved roads, large arenas(the Colosseum), build public baths, even a complex sewer system that allowed for running water(in certain places) • The government was able to keep track of its citizens. It took detailed censuses. A census is a list of fact about a people in an area. In includes things like income, population, and age. • Rome had a system of codified, written law. This meant that laws could not be made up. It helped fight abuse of power with the government. The Roman laws were written as the twelve tables. • Rome had judges called Aediles and Praetors that would hear law cases and hands out rulings. • Roman government allowed for participation from both the upper and lower classes. • The Patricians could participate with the government on many levels(such as the Senate, consuls, praetors, the general assemble, and the Centuriate Assembly), • The Plebeians had their own assembly as well as the Tribunes, who were administrators that could only be Plebeian. • The government kept control of a massive army with thousands of warriors. • The Roman government was so organized that it was able to collect enough grain to provide welfare for almost a quarter of the citizens of the city. • The Roman government organized thousands of people for large sporting events such as gladiator matches. It also organized large Religious festivals that included theater, music, and dance. • The Roman government provided soldiers with their armor. Roman Military: • The Roman military was massive. At its height, the Roman army consisted of 153,600 soldiers. • The soldiers were organized into Legions. Each legion consisted of 5,120 soldiers. • The Roman military conquered many peoples. They defeated Carthage in three wars and finally wiped it off the map. They were able to conquer Egypt as well. • They were able to conquer Greece, which included the mighty Spartans as well as the Athenians. • The Roman army was one of the most technologically advanced fighting forces of its time. Soldiers were equipped with deadly short swords, javelins, and large effective shields. • The Roman military used catapults to launch flaming rocks onto its enemies. • The Roman soldiers were equipped strong steel armor that could protect the effectively from the shields and axes of their opponents. • The Romans were able to adopt useful weapons and tactics from groups they came into contact with. They developed a navy of warships by copying Carthaginian design. • Rome was able to have a large army because it had a professional army. This meant the being a soldier was not a duty, it could be a life long career. • Because soldiers spent their lives in the army, the Roman army was one of the most highly trained and efficient fighting forces in the ancient world. Roman Economy • Rome used its location on the Mediterranean to maintain an extremely successful sea trade that went as far as Israel and Spain. • Rome also used the Tiber river to import as well as exports goods from all over Italy. • Roman also use its extensive system of roads to maintain a strong land trade all over Europe. They traded with places as far away as Britain. • The Roman economy traded with places as far away as China. • By minting coins, the Romans created a uniform currency that could be accepted throughout its massive empire. • Rome created coins of brass, bronze, copper, silver, and gold. • Having a uniform currency meant that there were never any exchange issues. • The Romans used slaves to grow massive amounts of food that they used to trade with other countries. • Rome exported wine and olive oil as well as grain. Wine was the most important export. • Food was the most important industry within the Roman empire. • Roman was so wealthy it was able to import spices from India, silks from China, ivory, and silver from Britain and Spain. • The Roman empire was able to manufacture on a large scale, hand made pottery, glassware, weapons, tools, jewels, and textiles.