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Issues in Biotechnology
Study Guide for Quiz 04 on Lecture 7 and 8
7. Gene Expression and Development
8. The Genomics Revolution
BCH 190
1. Enzymes are usually:
(A) carbohydrates
(B) proteins
(C) helpful bacteria
(D) very inefficient
(E) none of these answers are correct
2. Genotype is to phenotype as:
(A) cookie is to oven
(B) cookie is to recipe
(C) cookbook is to cookie
(D) recipe is to cookie
(E) oven is to cookie
3. Which of the following statements about the metabolism of ethanol
(which is present in alcoholic beverages) is incorrect?
(A) Individuals who produce non-functioning aldehyde dehydrogenase exhibit
"fast flushing".
(B) The process requires two enyzmes: alcohol dehydrogenase and isopropyl
dehydrogenase
(C) Individuals who are "fast flushers" are less likely to become alcoholics.
(D) Aspirin interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenase
(E) All of the above are correct
4. Highly repetitive sequences of DNA:
(A) are characteristic of genes that code for biochemical traits rather than
structural traits
(B) are used in biotechnology when creating a clone.
(C) are produced when a mutation occurs in a non-sex cell
(D) can be used in DNA fingerprinting
(E) are produced when a mutation occurs in a sperm-producing or egg-producing
cell.
5. The most important chemical reaction on earth is photosynthesis.
Without plants there would be no oxygen and no biological energy
source. A cellular structure in plants that captures sunlight to produce
sugar using CO2 from the atmosphere is called a:
(A) chloroplast
(B) nucleus
(C) ribosome
(D) chromosome
(E) transcriptome
6. Since all of the genes that code for all of the proteins in an organism
are present in every cell then
(A) there must be a way to turn some genes on and leave other genes off
(B) we should all just be a big bag of protein
(C) the environment must play a stronger role than genetics
(D) Darwin was certainly wrong
(E) sexual reproduction is not important to evolution
7. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR):
(A) makes it possible to create huge numbers of copies of tiny pieces of DNA.
(B) enables researchers to determine the sequence of a complementary strand of DNA
when they have only single-stranded DNA.
(C) utilizes RNA polymerase to build strands of DNA.
(D) can create messenger RNA molecules from small pieces of DNA.
(E) All of the above are correct.
8. In humans only less than 5% of the total DNA is comprised of genes.
Genes are segments of DNA that:
(A) remain exactly the same from one generation to the next because of DNA
replication
(B) code for everything, including all the characteristics a person acquires
(C) are currently only in GMO crops and have made their way into humans
(D) carry information for making the proteins required by all of the cells in the
body.
(E) determine our environment
9. Enzymes are coded for by genes and are:
(A) proteins that catalyze many reactions in cells
(B) not involved with neither energy production nor DNA replication
(C) made primarily of lipid
(D) themselves genes involved with biochemical pathways
(E) not important to the development of an organism or its evlution
10. A ‘Southern blot’ is used for
(A) sequencing the individual amino acids of specific proteins
(B) detection of proteins using antibodies as in a home pregnancy test
(C) detection of specific DNA sequences
(D) detection of specific RNA sequences
(E) the most important diagnostic used in determining the forensic results of a
crime scene
11. Genes can be involved with controlling expression of other genes
during development. Some of which, like the hox genes, code for
transcription factors that regulate when other genes are expressed. So
there are genes that regulate the expression of a number of other genes
as a "coordinate expression of batteries of genes. These ‘master’ genes
that control the expression of other genes code for:
(A) proteins
(B) sugars
(C) lipids
(D) cancer
(E) environmental pollutants
12. In the on-going pro-life/pro-choice debate in the United States, there
is always discussion about when life begins. When does the Federal US
Government state that life begin as a human being:
(A) Eggs and sperm are considered alive
(B) Fertilization through the union of egg and sperm
(C) Implantation/The blastocyst stage (5 days post-fertilization)
(D) The first trimester
(E) At birth
13. The entire genomic sequences are now known for many species of
bacteria, fungi, insects, plants and animals, including humans and
chimpanzees. This vast amount of information has been published and
is in the public domain. The genome databases aligned and the
similarities and relations can be examined. Individual gene sequences
can be searched to find striking similarities between species. These
types of analyses have shown that humans are 98% similar in DNA
sequence to the chimpanzee; 88% similar to mice and about 33%
similar to the genes of a rice plant. This type of analysis is called:
(A) Transgenic analysis
(B) Comparative genomics
(C) Mutational analysis
(D) Functional genomics
(E) DNA gold mining
14. The breakdown of sugar molecules into energy and carbon dioxide is
called:
(A) respiration
(B) the light reaction
(C) cytolysis
(D) legislation
(E) mitosis
15. A ‘Northern blot’ is used for
(A) detection of specific DNA sequences
(B) detection of specific RNA sequences
(C) detection of proteins using antibodies as in a home pregnancy test
(D) sequencing the individual amino acids of specific proteins
(E) determining the effects of artic global warming
16. Energy flows from one chemical bond to another. Breaking covalent
bonds in molecules results in:
(A) cold fusion
(B) the release or transfer of energy
(C) a destruction of both matter and energy
(D) a nuclear chain reaction
(E) wide spread global warming
17. A covalent bond
(A) is a type of biotechnology stock
(B) in a molecule is made when electrons are shared between atoms
(C) is created without energy only by living cells
(D) is a weak bond, like those between water molecules in liquid water
(E) is a variant of mating behavior which favors males
18. Every cell in your body contain mitochondria. Mitochondria then
might be called the most successful organism on the planet since they:
(A) compartmentalize reactions that split water to generate oxygen
(B) compartmentalize most of the DNA in a cell
(C) are the primary location of photosynthesis in humans
(D) are derived from bacteria and are the central location of respiration in all
human cells
(E) structures only found in prokaryotes
19. Different genes have a specific and different DNA sequence
compared to each other. Different proteins can be distinguished from
each other by
(A) their ATP molecules
(B) the ribosomes that make them
(C) the type of sugar molecules they generate
(D) their amino acid sequence
(E) PCR analysis
20. Proteins are molecules made from sequences of a number of:
(A) twenty donuts
(B) twenty amino acids
(C) infinite different amino acids
(D) four different ribonucleic acids
(E) DNA triple helices
21. The energy flow through life on this planet occurs from:
(A) sunlight directly into a Big Mac
(B) sunlight to chloroplasts to sugars to mitochondria to ATP
(C) mainly coal burning electrical plants in the Midwest of the US
(D) water to carbon dioxide to carnivores
(E) oil in the mideast countries
22. The ‘cloning’ of plants was demonstrated by Steward in 1958 at
Cornell Univ. showing that plants could be grown back from a single
cell. This ability is called “totipotency” and like the more recent
examples of animal cloning, demonstrates
(A) that all biological scientists are unethical and fraudulent
(B) that all of the DNA that codes for an entire organism is in every cell of that
organism
(C) Steward must have belonged to the group that calls themselves the ‘Raeliens’
(D) the necessity to ban all types cloning
(E) the basis of intelligent design
23. The expression of a gene is said to be ‘turned on’ when certain
signals interact with the promoter of a gene and RNA is produced. The
strand of RNA that corresponds to a gene is complementary to the
sequence of DNA. The process called "Transcription" is:
(A) the transfer of gases through the cell membrane
(B) the transfer of information from DNA to RNA
(C) the transfer of information from RNA to proteins
(D) the transfer of DNA through a gel matrix
(E) a software package designed by biotechnology companies for genomic
analysis
24. The expression of gene is said to be ‘turned on’ when certain signals
interact with the promoter of a gene and RNA is produced. Translation
of that code occurs in the cytoplasm and is:
(A) the transfer of hydrogen ions through the cell membrane
(B) the transfer of information from DNA to RNA
(C) the transfer of RNA through a gel matrix in an ‘Northern blot’.
(D) the transfer of information from RNA to proteins
(E) a viable strategy for drug design used by biotech companies
25. A ‘Western blot’ is used for
(A) detection of proteins using antibodies as in a home pregnancy test
(B) detection of specific RNA sequences
(C) sequencing the individual amino acids of specific proteins
(D) detection of specific DNA sequences
(E) detection of nuclear weapons of mass destruction
26. Consider a face: it is comprised of a community of cells. Its basic
features change very little over a year, yet in that time most of the
original cells and all the molecules will be replaced. The ‘fabric’ changes
but not the pattern. This is explained by the process of
(A) turnover of cells and constant skin cell renewal
(B) rejuvenation that allows cells to live forever
(C) loss of cell repair that leads to skin cancer
(D) rare disease infections
(E) Intelligent Design
27. A person’s unique DNA is carried in:
(A) muscle cells.
(B) hair.
(C) saliva.
(D) skin cells.
(E) All of the above contain a person’s DNA.
28. The full set of an individual organism’s DNA is called its:
(A) complement.
(B) genome.
(C) nucleosome.
(D) nucleotide.
(E) chromosome.
29. In humans, genes make up ______ of the DNA.
(A) about 75%
(B) 100%
(C) less than 5%
(D) about 10%
(E) about 50%
30. To start the transcription process, a large molecule, ______,
recognizes a ______.
(A) RNA polymerase; messenger RNA
(B) DNA polymerase; termination site
(C) DNA polymerase; promoter site
(D) RNA polymerase; promoter site
(E) DNA polymerase; messenger RNA