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Download Activating Strategy AP Lesson #70 What are Parenchyma cells
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Activating Strategy • Possible Sentences – Create 3 possible sentences by using at least two words in each sentence. Dermal Tissue Ground Tissue Vascular Tissue Collenchyma cell Epidermial Cell Xylem Phloem Parenchyma cell Sclerenchyma cell Companion Cell What specialized cells are found in plants? • • • • • AP Lesson #70 EQ: What types of cells and tissues make up the organs of plants? What are Parenchyma cells? • Parenchyma cells are unspecialized, thin, flexible & carry out many metabolic functions Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Water-Conducting Sugar-Conducting – all other cell types in plants develop from parenchyma What are Collenchyma cells? • Collenchyma cells have thicker primary walls & provide support – help support without restraining growth What are Sclerenchyma cells? • Thick, rigid cell wall – lignin (wood) – cannot elongate (no more growth) • Cells for support – fibers • rope fibers (hemp) Sclereid cells in pear – sclereids • Nutshells, seed coats, grittiness in pears the strings in celery stalks are collenchyma Fiber cells (cross section from ash tree) What are water-conducting cells? • Elongated cells that are DEAD at maturity – only cell walls remain – need empty pipes to efficiently move H2O • Tracheids – Long thin cells, with pits (small openings where water can pass between cells) • Vessel Elements – Wider, shorter cells that align end to end forming tubes What are the different types of plant tissues? • Dermal – epidermis (“skin” of plant) – single layer of tightly packed cells that cover & protect plant • Ground – bulk of plant tissue – photosynthetic mesophyll – storage What are sugar-conducting cells? • Living cells at maturity • sieve tubes – Lack nucleus, ribosomes & vacuole – sieve plates - have pores to facilitate flow of fluid between cells • companion cells – connected to the sieve-tube – contains nucleus and ribosomes that function for both cells What makes up dermal tissue? • Consist of the following: – Epidermal cells • Cover the outside of plants • Guard cells • Secrete the cuticle – Specialized Surface Cells • Hair, Stinging, Glandular cells • Vascular – transport system in shoots & roots – xylem & phloem What is the function of dermal tissue? • 1st line of defense • Hairier the better – Damage from the environment and pathogens • Forming a barrier and/or secreting fluids and toxins What are types of vascular tissue? • Xylem – Made of tracheids and vessel elements – move water & minerals up from roots – transpirational pull • Phloem – made of sieve tubes and companion cells – Translocation - carry sugars & nutrients throughout plant Summarizing Strategy • Correct your Possible Sentences – Create 3 possible sentences by using at least two words in each sentence. Dermal Tissue Ground Tissue Vascular Tissue Collenchyma cell Epidermial Cell Xylem Phloem Parenchyma cell Sclerenchyma cell Companion Cell Key to labels Assessment Dermal Ground • HW: Plant Tissue Scavenger Hunt Vascular – Using your textbook, label the following types of tissues found in the roots, stems, and leaves (a) Cutaway drawing of leaf tissues What do tissues look like in dicot stems? Key to labels 1 mm (a) Cross section of stem with vascular bundles forming a ring (typical of dicots) What do tissues look like in monocot stems? Key to labels Dermal Dermal Ground Ground Vascular Vascular 1 mm (b) Cross section of stem with scattered vascular bundles (typical of monocots) What do tissues look like in dicot roots? What do tissues look like in monocot roots? Key to labels Dermal Ground Vascular Key to labels Dermal Ground Vascular 100 µm 100 µm (a) Root with xylem and phloem in the center (typical of dicots) (b) Root with parenchyma in the center (typical of monocots) What do tissues look like in Dicot stems? Key to labels Phloem Xylem Sclerenchyma (fiber cells) Dermal Ground Cuticle Vascular Ground tissue connecting pith to cortex Sclerenchyma fibers Stoma Upper epidermis Palisade mesophyll Pith Spongy mesophyll Bundlesheath cell Lower epidermis Vein Phloem Dermal Ground Vascular 1 mm Guard cells (a) Cutaway drawing of leaf tissues Cortex Epidermis Vascular bundle Cuticle Xylem Key to labels (a) Cross section of stem with vascular bundles forming a ring (typical of dicots) What do tissues look like in monocot stems? What do tissues look like in roots? Ground tissue Epidermis Key to labels Cortex Dermal Endodermis Ground Vascular Vascular cylinder Pericycle Epidermis Key to labels Vascular bundles Dermal Xylem 100 µm Ground Vascular 1 mm (b) Cross section of stem with scattered vascular bundles (typical of monocots) (a) Root with xylem and phloem in the center (typical of dicots) Phloem What do tissues look like in roots? Epidermis Cortex Endodermis Key to labels Vascular cylinder Pericycle Dermal Ground Vascular Core of parenchyma cells Xylem Phloem 100 µm (b) Root with parenchyma in the center (typical of monocots)
