Download Plant structures - Shelton School District

Plant anatomy
Roots



Absorb water and dissolved nutrients
Anchor plants
Hold plants upright
Stems



Supports the plant body
Transports nutrients to all parts
Helps the plant compete for sunlight
Leaves


Organ where photosynthesis takes place
Site of gas exchange
SPECIALIZED TISSUES
Meristematic tissue
 Dermal tissue
 Vascular tissue
 Ground tissue
Leaf
Stem
Root
Dermal tissue
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue
Epidermis
Endodermis
Root hairs
Ground tissue
(cortex)
Phloem
Xylem
Vascular
Cylinder
Ground tissue (cortex)
Epidermis
Endodermis
Vascular cylinder
Zone of
maturation
Zone of
elongation
Apical meristem
Cross Section of Plant Root
Root cap
(magnification: 40x)
MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
Where all plant cells originate
 Differentiate into the three other types of tissue

 Dermal
tissue
 Vascular tissue
 Ground tissue
Found at the end (tip) of roots, and stems.
 This tissue causes all plant growth.

DERMAL TISSUE



The outer covering of
the plant
Usually one layer of
epidermal cells
the epidermal layer may
be protected by:


Cuticle
Trichomes
Leaf
Stem
Root
Dermal tissue
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue
VASCULAR TISSUE
The tissue that transports water and nutrients
throughout the plant.
 Two main types of vascular tissue.

 Xylem
 Water
conducting
 Up
 Phloem
 Food
conducting
 Down
XYLEM AND PHLOEM
Epidermis
Endodermis
Cortex
Casparian strip
Cell wall
Root
hairs
Cortex
Active transport
of minerals
Movement of water
by osmosis
Cell membrane
Phloem
Xylem
Vascular
Cylinder
GROUND TISSUE
Found between the dermal and vascular tissue
 In the leaves ground tissue is full of
chloroplasts.
 The site of photosynthesis in the leaves.
 In the stems found with fiber like cells.
 Help support larger plants in the stems.

GROUND TISSUE
Epidermis
Endodermis
Leaf
Root hairs
Ground tissue
(cortex)
Phloem
Xylem
Zone of
maturation
Stem
Zone of
elongation
Root
Apical meristem
Dermal tissue
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue
Root cap
ROOTS



Two main types
Taproot: a long thick,
primary root with small
secondary roots.
Fibrous: a mass of
branched roots with
none larger than
another.
ROOT FUNCTIONS
Uptake nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus,
potassium, magnesium, and calcium)
 Active transport of minerals- uses ATP to pump
minerals in so that water will follow by osmosis.
 Root pressure: caused by specialized cells root
pressure keeps the roots from expanding and
holding water forcing it to move up towards the
plant.

MONOCOT VS. DICOT CROSS SECTION
Monocot
Vascular bundles are scattered
without the ground tissue
Dicot
Vascular bundles are organized in a ringlike pattern.
LEAVES
An optimized structure for carrying out
photosynthesis.
 Three main parts needed for photosynthesis.

 Water:
transported there by the xylem
 CO2: diffused in through the stoma with the use of
guard cells.
 Chloroplast: found in the mesophyll (ground tissue)
LEAVES
Cuticle
Veins
Epidermis
Palisade
mesophyll
Xylem
Phloem
Spongy
mesophyll
Epidermis
Stoma
Guard
cells
Vein