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Basic Plant Anatomy Growth & Reproduction http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/plants/intro.html (great website for checking labeling & understanding) Shoot System Stems: above ground, supports leaves & flowers o Terminal bud:* tip of stem has developing leaves & nodes o Axillary buds: formed where the leaf and node meet, usually dormant, forms a branch Leaves:* main photosynthetic organ o Nodes:* point at which leaves are attached Apical dominance:* Auxin in the terminal bud inhibit growth in axillary buds Root System Anchors, absorbs, stores food and transport minerals & water Root Hairs:* increase surface area, extension of the epidermis Plant Cells Parenchyma Cells* o Alive when mature, usually only have primary walls o Used in photosynthesis, aerobic respiration & food storage o Makes up the bulk of the plant Collenchyma Cells* o Alive when mature, unevenly thickened primary walls o Provide flexible support in the growing parts of plants Sclerenchyma Cells* o Dead when mature, very thick secondary walls with lignin o Fibers:* long & slender, arranged in bundles o Sclereids:* short, thick with irregular & hard secondary walls; hard part of nutshells, makes pears gritty Plant Tissues Dermal Tissue* o Outer protective covering, 1st line of defense o Epidermis:* outer surfaces, covered with a waxy cuticle Stomata:* pores in the epidermis, CO2 & O2 exchange Ground Tissue* o Used in photosynthesis, storage & support o Two parts: pith and cortex o Endodermis* Selective barrier between cortex and vascular tissue A cylinder one cell thick o Mesophyll* Ground tissue in the leaf, between the upper and lower epidermis Composed of parenchyma cells Vascular Tissue o Provides support and long distance transport o Xylem: water-conducting cells Tracheids, vessel elements o Phloem: food-conducting cells Sieve-tube members, companion cells o Vascular cylinder: has both xylem and phloem