Download Plant Vocabulary You`ll Need

Plant Vocabulary You’ll Need
Tissues
Dermal tissue- usually a single layer of cells that covers and protects young plant
parts; also called the epidermis or the skin; examples are the cuticle and the root
hairs
Vascular tissue- made of xylem and phloem and functions in transport and
support
Ground tissue- fills the space between the dermal and vascular tissues; makes up
the bulk of a plant; functions are photosynthesis, storage, and support; mostly
made up of parenchyma; collencyma and sclerenchyma.
Types of Plant Cells
Parenchyma- “typical” plant cells; primary walls are thin and flexible and they
make and store various plant products; most fruit is made of parenchyma cells,
and photosynthetic cells in the leaf and stem are usually parenchyma cells
Collenchyma- cells that support the plant organs; usually found in stems where
secondary growth has not occurred yet; celery stalks are made mostly of
collenchyma and vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
Sclerenchyma- cells with thick cell walls with a hard substance called lignin
embedded throughout; usually considered dead when they are mature; two types
exist…
1. fibers- cells in bundles, an example would be the fibers in linen
2. sclereids- shorter than the fibers and irregular shaped, an example
would be the shell of a nut or seed coats in a seed
Meristems- clusters of cells that have large nuclei and dense cytoplasm, divide rapidly
Apical meristems- at the bottom of the root and the top of the shoot- increase
length
Primary growth results from the division of the apical meristems and it produces soft
shoots and roots of a tree or shrub, or the entire plant body of some plants.
The apical meristem divides to form three types of embryonic meristems that divide to
form different parts of the plant. They are like the stem cells of plants.
Protoderm- forms the outer layer of cells in the plant called the epidermis
Procambium- produces primary vascular tissue called xylem (which
carries water up from the roots) and phloem (which carries sugar from the
leaves down to the stem and roots…also carries hormones and amino
acids throughout the plant).
Ground meristem- develops into ground tissue
Lateral meristems- found on the sides of roots and shoots – increase girth (width)
as in trees and shrubs. This produces secondary growth
Cork cambium- a lateral meristem found in the bark of a woody stem that
produces the cork cells in the outer bark (This replaces the epidermis in a
woody stem)
Vascular cambium- a lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and
phloem. It is found between the xylem and the phloem in the vascular
bundles. The secondary xylem is the main component of wood, and
creates the rings. The secondary phloem is close to the outer surface of a
woody stem, and is affected by the removal of the bark.
See page 733!