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Table 1: The Basic Tissue Types in Vascular Plants The roots, the stems and the leaves of plants are primarily composed of three tissue types: The dermal tissue, the vascular tissue, and the ground tissue Tissue Dermal Tissues Description Two tissue types: Epidermis and periderm Outermost cell layers Often have thicker cell walls Covered with a waxy cuticle Two tissue types: Xylem and Phloem Vascular Tissues Xylem: Thick-walled cells, dead at maturity Phloem: Thin-walled cells, living at maturity Three Tissue Types: Parenchyma: Thin walled cells, living at maturity. Make up the bulk of the plant body Ground Tissues Collenchyma: Thick-walled cells, living at maturity Sclerenchyma: Cells with linings in their cell walls(secondary cell wall); dead at maturity Role Protect against Injury Herbivores Disease Water loss Xylem: conveys water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots. Phloem: transports food made in mature leaves to the roots and to non-photosynthetic parts of the shoot system. Parenchyma: Storage of nutrients, carbohydrates and water. Collenchyma: Supports and protect the plant body and provides flexibility. Specialized to support plant growth and development. Sclerenchyma: Strengthens and supports various parts of the plant Image Figure 1: Stem Tissue Anatomy Figure 2: Leaf Tissue Anatomy