Download Honors Biology - LangdonBiology.org

Plant Biology Study Guide
Honors Biology
Text Book Chapter 23, 24, and 25: Plant Form and Function, Plant Reproduction, and Plant Responses
This study guide covers all of the material you will be responsible for in the plant unit. Complete it using
your textbook, SAT review book, or any other source you deem appropriate. If you are using internet
sources, make sure they are reliable—after all, your grade in this unit will depend on their quality.
The lectures will cover all the vital or challenging areas, but there is material in this guide that will not be
covered in class and you must master on your own. If you find you are having trouble, make sure to see
me or your TA to go over the material.
Students planning on taking the SAT subject test or continuing on to other biology courses should read
the chapters in your text.
Phylogeny of kingdom Plantæ
1.
Complete this phylogeny of the plants:
2.
The plant kingdom is an excellent example of adaptive radiation, where some specie developed
a very successful adaptation, and then quickly spread throughout the surface of Earth.
Complete the table below discussing the major groups of plants.
Bryophyte
Example plant
Haploid/Diploid
ratio
Vascular Tubes
Spore or Seed
Method of moving
male cell to
female cell.
Tracheophyte
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Basic Angiosperm Anatomy
3. List the roles of the root, stem, leaf, and flower (a modified leaf).
Root
Stem
Leaf
Flower
4. Label the three structures in the root tip Label the five indicated structures in the leaf crosssection shown below.
section shown below.
5. There are two classes of angiosperms, the monocots and dicots. Complete the table below to
describe the differences between the two. When you are studying for the test, pay special
attention to the differences in leaf veins and seed structure.
Seed Type
Leaf Venation
Vascular Tubes
in stem
Roots
Flower Parts
Monocots
Dicots
Growth and specialized cells
6. Compared to animal growth, plant growth is differs in timing and growth sites. Describes these
differences.
7. Meristem cells are very important to plant biology. Why?
8.
List the effects of the following plant hormones:
Hormone
Effect
Auxin
Gibberellins
Cytokinins
Ethylene
Plant Circulation
9. Define the following vessels:
XylemPhloem10. The phloem and xylem are the most important structures in the stem
of a plant. They both grow from the same stemcells: the vascular
cambium (this is the lateral meristem you learned about earlier). As
the vascular cambium divides, cells that are pushed towards the inside
(towards the center of the stem) become xylem. Cells that are pushed
towards the outside (towards the bark) become the phloem. On the
adjacent diagram of a woody stem label the following: phloem, xylem,
the cork cambium (bark), and vascular cambium.
11. How are the rings of trees formed?
12. The human circulatory system is powered by the rhythmic and continuous contraction and
relaxation of your heart. This requires a HUGE amount of ATP to power, and any stoppage
means death. Plants, however, can move much greater volumes of liquids distances hundreds
of times farther than your heart can, without using much energy at all. Describe how the
following helps power plant circulation:
Transpiration
Hydrogen bonding and cohesion/adhesion
Root pressure
13. How do the stomata on leaves affect transpiration?
Plant Nutrition
14. Roots and tree trunks are not green because they do not have chlorophyll, and thus do not
photosynthesize. Explain how they get the energy needed to survive.
15. What types of nutrients are absorbed by the roots? Would watering a plant with sugar water
make it grow taller (because it could use the sugar) than a plant given just water?
16. What is the vital role played by the root hairs? The root tip?
17. Define photorespiration, and tell when it is most likely to occur in a plant.
Plant Reproduction
18. Using this diagram of a simple flower. Label the following structures: petal,
sepal, stamen, anther, filament, carpal, stigma, style, and ovary.
19. Plants, like the fungi, are known for alteration of generations, where both diploid and haploid
cells grow and function extensively. Draw the life cycle of the most basic plant, a bryophyte
moss, and the most sophisticated plant, a flowering angiosperm. Clearly indicate in each
drawing the diploid and haploid structures.
20. Angiosperms undergo double fertilization. What does this mean? What becomes of the
endosperm?
21. What is a fruit?
22. What is the role of pollinators?
What are some adaptations flowers have evolved to attract their pollinators?
23. What are some adaptations flowers have evolved to reduce self-pollination?
24. What are some adaptations plants have adopted to disperse their seeds?
25. What are some triggers that can end the dormancy of a seed?
Plant Responses
26. Plants are able to react and respond to their environment. Define the following:
a. Phototropism. (Also describe how plants are able to phototrop. In other words, explain
what happens inside the cells that allow a plant to do this).
b. Gravitropism (simply define)
c. Thigmotropism (simply define)
Cool Plants
27. Why does a Venus flytrap eat insects—is it for food, as is often thought?
28. Review: Describe the nodules of legumes. Why are they important?
29. How does Mistletoe grow, and why is it different than most plants?