Download Evolution Test Review

Name_____________________________________________________ Period_____ Date_______________
Unit 9: Evolution and Natural Selection Review Packet – DUE ON Friday Feb 17th
First: Define evolution and natural selection
_____________________________ is the process in which changes in an environment pressure a species to
change (affect each individual).
______________________________is the process in which traits caused by mutations slowly accumulate in a
population over time.
I.
Evolution Practice Worksheet
Directions: Circle the correct answer in questions 1 – 13.
1. The process in which the environment puts pressure on a species to change: (evolution or natural
selection)
2. According to Darwin, evolution occurs as a result of (natural selection or artificial selection).
3. The (individual or population) evolves.
4. Giant tortoises are only found on the Galapagos Islands. Each island had a different species of tortoises.
This
would suggest that all tortoises evolved from (a common ancestor or different ancestors).
5. The source of variation in a species is (mutations or lack of change) in DNA.
6. Mutations can be harmful or helpful. A helpful mutation will (increase or decrease) the fitness of an
individual in its environment.
7. Members of (different or the same) species share the same group of alleles called a (gene pool or gene
frequency).
8. The whale’s flipper and the arms of a human are examples of (vestigial organs or homologous structures)
because they have the same bones but use them for different functions.
9. The hip bones in whales and snakes serve no function, so they are examples of (vestigial organs or
homologous structures).
10. (Analogous or homologous structures) show that two species evolved from a common ancestor.
11. An ancestral flock of finches flew from South America to the Galapagos Islands. They spread out and
adapted to all the different environments on the islands. This is an example of (speciation or artificial
selection) due to (behavioral or geographic) isolation.
12. Mountains, volcanic eruptions, and large bodies of water are examples of (geographic or reproductive)
barriers
that can isolate populations.
13. Due to the difference in the mating rituals such as dance movements in birds, the Eastern meadowlark and
Western meadowlark does not reproduce with each other. This is an example of (temporal or behavioral)
Isolation?
II. Patterns of Evolution
14. This picture below is an example of a homologous structure, analogous structure, or vestigial structure?
(circle one)
WHY?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
15. This picture below is an example of a homologous structure, analogous structure, or vestigial structure?
(circle one)
WHY?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
16. Organisms that have functionally similar structures (analogous structures) but belong to different taxonomic
groups (different ancestor) but share similar environment. These organisms have evolved through which
type of evolution?
a. Convergent evolution
c. Punctuated Equilibrium
b. Divergent evolution
d. Coevolution
17. Organisms that have structurally similar structures (homologous structures) and share the same ancestor
however they appear different due to different environment. These organisms have evolved through which
type of evolution?
a. Convergent evolution
c. Punctuated Equilibrium
b. Divergent evolution
d. Coevolution
18. The hip bones of whales, the appendix of humans, eyes of blind cave fish are all ___________________
(homologous or vestigial) structures in which they lost their ancestral functions.
III. Mechanisms of Evolution- Natural Selection (Fill in the blanks)
19. Artificial selection is where certain traits are manipulated by _____________________________ while
in natural selection, ______________________is the selective agent (word bank: humans, nature).
20. Natural selection explains how evolution can occur. Match the 4 main principles of natural selection
with the correct definition:
Variation
Overproduction
Adaptation
Fitness
a.
b.
c.
d.
___________________________ Producing many offspring, some of which may not survive.
___________________________ Heritable differences that make an individual unique
___________________________ An advantageous trait; one well-suited for the environment
___________________________ The ability of an organism to compete successfully for resources,
survive, and live to adulthood and reproduce viable offspring will result in higher….
21. Which of the following is NOT a method of introducing new alleles into a population?
a. Mutation
b. Genetic drift
c. Gene flow
Questions 22-24 identify the description as:

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

Directional selection
22. A plant that is too short may not be able to compete
with other plants for sunlight. However, extremely
tall plants may be more susceptible to wind damage.
Combined, these two selection pressures select to
maintain plants of medium height. The number of plants of medium height will increase while the numbers of short
and tall plants will decrease. This is an example of what type of selection?
_____________________________________________
23. Using the familiar example of giraffe necks, there was a selection pressure against short necks, since individuals with
short necks could not reach as many leaves on which to feed. As a result, the distribution of neck length shifted to
favor individuals with long necks. This is an example of what type of selection?
_________________________________________
24. Imagine a plant of extremely variable height that is pollinated by three different pollinators, one that was attracted to
short plants, another that preferred plants of medium height and a third that visited only the tallest plants. If the
pollinator that preferred plants of medium height disappeared from an area, medium height plants would be selected
against and the population would tend toward both short and tall, but not medium height plants. This is an example of
what type of selection? ________________________________________________
25. Which statement MOST accurately reflects what population geneticists refer to as "fitness"?
a. Fitness is the measure of an organism's adaptability to various habitats
b. Fitness reflects the number of mates each individual of the population selects
c. Fitness refers to the relative health of each individual in the population
d. Fitness is a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation
IV. Speciation through Isolation
26. Number (1 to 5) the following sentences in the order in which they occur during speciation.
_____ As food sources become scarce the population of mice migrates around the sides of a mountain.
_____ Over thousands of years, mutations slowly start to accumulate in the separated mice populations.
_____ Gene sharing in a mice population is not interrupted because they have the same habitat gene pool.
_____ The mice population becomes reproductively isolated and two new species evolve.
_____ Members of the mice population become geographically isolated on either side of the mountain and members
no longer share a common gene pool.
27. Match the terms with their correct description
a. Behavioral Isolation
b. Geographical Isolation
c. Temporal Isolation
_______ This type of isolation limits the ability of organisms to move freely between areas. They are separated by
geographical features such as river, mountain, etc…
_______ This type of isolation occurs when organisms share different mating rituals such as songs, dances, gift
gathering.
_______ This type of isolations occurs when organisms do not mate at the same time.
Questions 28-30 Identify the following examples as Geographic, Behavioral, or Temporal Isolation
28. __________________________ Two closely related species live in the same area and are capable of
interbreeding but one release pollen in February and the other in March.
29. __________________________ Biodiversity among Darwin’s Finches living on the different regions of
Galapagos island is mainly due to this type of isolation.
30. ___________________________Fireflies have a unique lighting pattern. Fireflies in the same area will not mate
with those having a different lighting frequency.
V. Evidence of Evolution
31. Use the data table below to answer the following questions.
Species Pairing
Fruit fly- dogfish shark
Fruit fly-pigeon
Fruit fly-screwworm fly
Fruit fly-silkworm moth
Fruit fly-tobacco hornworm mother
Fruit fly-wheat
Number of Amino Acid Differences in
Cytochrome C
26
25
2
15
14
47
a. What is the fruit fly most closely related to based on the amino acid differences in the data table?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. What is the fruit fly least closely related to based on the amino acid differences in the data table?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
32. List all the physical characteristics the embryos below have in common based on the information included in the
image.
Common physical characteristics:
1. ___________________________________
2. ___________________________________
3. ___________________________________
33. The Miller and Urey experiment was an experiment that simulated hypothetical conditions
thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested for the occurrence of chemical
origins of life (i.e. complex organic molecules such as amino acids).
Based on the reading above, what is the significance of the Miller-Urey experiment (what is it/why is it
important)?