Download Nervous System

Health Quiz Study Guide
Nervous, Digestive/Excretory & Endocrine Systems
Nervous System
What is the Nervous System?
-the body’s message and control center.
Neurons – Specializes nerve cells that are the senders and receivers of impulses
Impulses – electrical charges that carry messages
What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Brain and Spinal Cord
What Body System protects the CNS? Skeletal System
Parts of the Brian
Cerebrum – largest part of the brain. Controls senses, movement, thinking, speech.
Cerebellum – controls balance and coordination.
Brain Stem – controls automatic body functions.
Spinal Cord – relays messages to and from the brain
What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
-nerves that connect the central nervous system to all parts of the body.
2 Parts:
- Somatic System – deals with the actions you control
- Autonomic System – deals with the actions you DO NOT control
Problems of the Nervous System
What is the most common cause of death and disability in children and young adults?
Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)
Symptoms of a Concussion – vomiting, nausea, headache, dizziness, pupils change, fatigue,
confusion, ringing ears.
Digestive/Excretory System
What is the Digestive System?
-the body system that converts fuel into usable energy. Controls elimination of used-up fuel in the form
of wastes.
Order of Digestion
What happens in each stage of digestion?
Mouth – teeth tear and grind food. Saliva helps start the process of breaking down food.
Esophagus – muscular tube that pushes food down to the stomach
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Peristalsis – Series of involuntary waves that carry food particles along.
Stomach – food is broken down with gastric juices. Food is also stored here to wait further
digestion.
Small intestine – nutrients are separated from food through the villi. Most of digestion happens
here.
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Villi – tiny fingerlike projections in the wall of the small intestine. Nutrients enter
the bloodstream from the small intestine through the villi.
Organs that help with Digestion
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Liver –Produces bile which helps break down fats
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Gallbladder – Stores bile and releases it into the small intestine when it needs it.
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Pancreas – makes digestive enzymes.
What is the Excretory System?
-your body’s waste removal system.
What is happening in the Large Intestine?
The lining of the colon absorbs the liquid from waste that cannot be digested,
Kidneys – filters water and dissolved wastes from the blood. Balance water and salt levels in the body.
What are some common Digestive problems?
-Indigestion, diarrhea, heartburn, ulcers
Endocrine System
What is the Endocrine System?
-a chemical communication system that controls many body functions.
Gland– a group of cells or an organ that secretes a substance
What does the Pancreas do for the endocrine system?
-releases insulin
Pituitary Gland – a gland that signals other endocrine glands to produce hormones when needed.
Hormones –Chemicals secreted by the endocrine glands
What hormone is released in response to stress?
Adrenaline
What is the most common problem of the Endocrine System?
Diabetes