Download Muscular System - cloudfront.net

Study Guide to Body Systems Unit Test
Use this study guide to help prepare for our test on December 14, 2016.
Skeletal System
Function/s:
 gives structural support
 protection
 provides shape
 stores minerals
 produces red and white blood cells
Parts:
Know: skull, clavicle, ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, carpal, phalanges, patella,
tarsals, metatarsals, fibula, tibia, femur, ulna, radius, elbow, humerus,
scapula, mandible
Interactions:
Muscular System
Muscles connect to your skeleton and they contract and
move the skeleton along. Your skeletal system is made up of
cartilage and calcified bone that work together. They help
the process of movement happen in a smoother manner.
Circulatory System
The calcified bones of your skeleton also work with the
circulatory system. Marrow inside of your bones helps produce the cells
inside of you blood. Both red blood cells and white blood cells are created in
your bones.
Muscular System
Function/s:
 produces movement
 provides stabilization
 generates heat
 pumps lymph
The Three Different Types of Muscular Tissue
Smooth - muscle you rarely control such as the muscle in digestive organs
Cardiac - very specific tissue found in your heart
Skeletal/Voluntary (striated muscle) - the muscle that helps you move and
that you have control over
Tendons connect your muscles to your bone at insertion points.
Ligaments are batches of connective tissue that bind bones to each
other.
Muscles, tendons, and ligaments can be found working together in almost all
of your joints.
Integumentary System (skin)
Function/s:




reduces water loss,
contains receptors that respond to touch,
regulates body temperature, and
protects the inside of the body from damage.
Excretory System
Function/s:
 To rid the body of liquid waste (urine)
Urine is the result of the excretory system balancing the
amount of water and salts in your body.
Parts: Your kidneys are the core organs involved in the excretory system.
Digestive System
Function/s:
 getting food into the body,
 digesting the food
 absorbing the nutrients needed
 elimination of the materials not needed (feces)
Once you put the food in your mouth, you start to chew and begin a process
of mechanical digestion that grinds food down into a pulp.
Your body also starts to release enzymes that start the process of chemical
digestion and the breakdown of biological molecules. Most chemical digestion
happens in the stomach.
The food moves through your digestive system and is eventually broken down
into compounds and nutrients that your small intestine can absorb into the
blood stream. The material you don't absorb continues into the large
intestine where water is removed from the material and then whatever is
left can be eliminated at your convenience.
Parts:
Know: mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, small
intestine, large intestine, rectum
Circulatory (cardiovascular)
Function:
 transportation system
 carries chemicals to all points in your body
 fluids also carry waste products and dissolved gases for your cells
Parts:


heart (four-chambers)
the pump for the system
vessels (intricate system of arteries and veins)
As blood is pumped away from the heart, it passes through a
system of arteries, arterioles, and then capillaries.
The capillaries are the vessels that allow for most of the
transfer of compounds and dissolved gases. Capillaries
are very small and have thin walls to allow easier passage
of compounds including nutrients, glucose, carbon dioxide,
and waste products.
After the capillaries, your blood passes through venules
and veins. The veins lead the circulatory fluids
back to the heart. That's it! The system is complete
(and closed).
Respiratory System
Function/s:
 To bring oxygen into your body.
 To get rid of carbon dioxide, one of the products of cellular
Respiration
You have two lungs and the exchange of gases between the circulatory and
respiratory systems happens in the lungs.
Parts:
Know: lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, larynx, trachea
Nervous System
Function:

Major controlling, regulating, and communication center
of actions and senses; known and unknown
Your body automatically senses and reacts to stimulus. Think about eating
your lunch. As you eat, your nervous system triggers the start of digestion
and release of many hormones and enzymes throughout your body.
Parts:
Your nervous system is divided into two parts. Your central nervous system
includes your brain and your spinal cord.
Your peripheral nervous system is made up of the network of neurons that
spans your organs, muscles, and body. The neurons in both systems work
together to help you think, survive, and change the world around you.
The nervous system is made up of billions of neurons connected throughout
your body. These neurons are connected end to end and transmit electrical
impulses from one point to another.
Lymphatic/Immune System
Function:

microscopic armor that protects the cells of your body from
bacteria, viruses, and poisons you might encounter every day
The immune system is there to keep you alive and healthy. The system can
attack foreign invaders or it can go after cells created within your body that
could endanger your life. Sometimes cancer cells are the targets of our
immune system. As pathogens attack your body, the immune system begins a
series of immunological defenses.
You know when your immune system is at work because of the symptoms you
might have. Fever, swelling, and a runny nose are all examples of symptoms
during an immunological response. Your immune system can respond many
ways to a problem. There would be one response to a knife wound, a separate
response to hay fever and pollen, and a specific response to catching a cold.
Endocrine System
Function:

controls many of the biochemical pathways that occur in your
body.
The core tool used by the endocrine system is a compound called a hormone.
Your body uses dozens of hormones to regulate your growth, digestion, body
temperature, and glucose metabolism (to name a few). A hormone released
by an endocrine gland can travel throughout the body and change the activity
of cells from many other systems. The endocrine system is also unique in
that it uses glands and cells within organs that are all closely related to
other systems.
The best description is to describe the endocrine system as the chemical
brother of the nervous system. While the nervous system transmits
information and instructions using electricity, the endocrine system
transmits information with chemicals and biological chemical compounds.