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Chapter 2 Section 3: Discovering Cells A. Cells help living creatures with activities of life such as movement, growth, and reproduction 1. The _____ _______developed after Robert Hooke invented the microscope in 1665. Hooke was the first to see cells in pieces of cork. 2. Van Leeuwenhoek – looked at pond water, gum scrapings and observed tiny organisms that moved. (Animalcules) 3. ______________ – plants are made of cells 4. ______________ – animals are made of cells 5. ______________ – all cells come from cells 6. Cell theory – a. All __________ things are made of one or more cells. b. The cell is the _______ ______ of structure and function of all living things. c. All cells come from cells that already _________. 7. Bacteria are one-celled organisms; larger organisms are made of many cells, sometimes trillions of cells 8. A microscope’s ________________ is found by multiplying the powers of the eyepiece and the objective lens. Section 4: Looking Inside Cells A. Cells are composed of parts that do ____________ jobs. 1. The flexible _____ _____________ is the boundary of the cell and helps control what enters and exits the cell; some cells have a ______ _______ that helps support and protect the cell 2. _________________ is a gelatin like substance containing many chemicals the cell needs. 3. Specialized cell parts called ___________ do various jobs within a cell. 4. The _____________ (control center of the cell) contains hereditary material called chromosomes. 5. ___________ ____________ – controls what goes in and out of the nucleus and protects the nucleus 6. ______________ – contain genetic material, instructions for the cell 7. ______________ – makes ribosomes 8. _______________ are storage organelles for food, water, and wastes. Vacuoles are larger in plants 9. ________________ cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert food energy into a form the cell can use. 1. Waste products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide and water. 2. Leaf cells in plants contain ______________ that help the cell make its own food through ____________________. 10. _____________ _____________ – transportation system of the cell. 11. _________ ________ - package and distribute proteins to where they need to go within the cell 12. _____________ – make proteins 13. _____________ – break down certain materials in the cell (digestion). They are more numerous in animals cells. DISCUSSION QUESTION: What are organelles? specialized cell parts that do various jobs within a cell B. The cells in many-celled organisms are _____________ in shape and size for their function. 1. ____________ specialized cells include fat cells, bone cells, nerve cells, and muscle cells. a. ______ cells can store so much fat that the nucleus is pressed against the cell membrane. b. A hard calcium and phosphorus material surrounds ______ cells. c. ___________ cells have many long branches to send and receive messages. d. ___________ cells have fibers that can contract and relax. 2. _________ cells in leaves, stems, and roots are specialized to move food and water or to support the plant. C. Cells are ___________ so they can work together to keep the organism alive. 1. ____________ are groups of similar cells that do the same kind of work; two or more tissues that work together form an _________. 2. Groups of organs that work together to perform a job are called ________ ____________. DISCUSSION QUESTION: In what two general ways are cells specialized according to their function? size and shape