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Study Guide #1 for Final (Chapters 1- 6) Chapter 1 Vocabulary Terms matter chemistry organic chemistry inorganic chemistry biochemistry analytical chemistry physical chemistry scientific method theory Topics to Know 1.) Know the parts of the scientific method and how they relate to each other. 2.) Know the difference between pure (basic) and applied chemistry and how they both contribute to the knowledge base in chemistry. 3.) What is the difference between the macroscopic view and the microscopic view? Chapter 2 Vocabulary Terms mass volume extensive properties intensive properties chemical change product substance physical change mixture solution chemical reaction phase heterogeneous mixture homogeneous mixture element compound reactant Topics to Know 1.) Know what extensive and intensive properties are. 2.) Know what the three states of matter are and how matter changes from one state to another. 3.) Know what physical properties are and be able to give examples. 4.) Know what physical changes are and how they are different from chemical changes. 5.) Know the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures. 6.) Know the difference between an element and a compound. 7.) Know what chemical changes are and what occurs during the course of a chemical change. 8.) Know some signs that a chemical reaction has occurred. 9.) Know what the law of conservation of mass states. Chapter 3 Vocabulary Terms accuracy density precision scientific notation Topics to Know 1.) Know how to write numbers in scientific notation. 2.) Describe the difference between accuracy and precision. 3.) Know how to determine significant figures when multiplying, dividing, subtracting, and adding measurements. 4.) Know the prefixes used in the metric system and what they mean. Chapter 4 Vocabulary Terms atom nucleus electrons atomic number protons mass number atomic mass period group neutrons isotopes Topics to Know 1.) Know who the important contributors were who helped to derive the different models of the atom. Know what their contributions were. 2.) Be able to describe Dalton’s atomic theory. 3.) Know where the three different subatomic particles are located, their charges, and their relative sizes. 4.) Know what the difference is between the different isotopes of an atom. 5.) Given the mass number and the atomic number, be able to determine the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons present in a given atom. 6.) Given an isotope, be able to calculate how many electrons, protons, and neutrons it has. 7.) Know how to calculate average atomic masses from the percent abundance of the isotopes of an element. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Terms energy levels atomic orbitals quantum aufbau principle Pauli Exclusion principle Hund’s Rule amplitude wavelength frequency electromagnetic radiation ground state atomic emission spectrum photon Topics to Know 1.) Know what the basic differences are between the Dalton model, the Rutherford model, the Thomson model, the Bohr model, and the quantum mechanical model of the atom. 2.) Know what happens to an electron when it moves up and down the different energy levels. 3.) Know what the four atomic orbitals are that we discussed in class and be able to describe the shapes of the “s” and “p” orbitals. 4.) Know how to write the electron configurations of an atom using the noble gas configuration. 5.) Know how to apply the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund’s rule to writing electron configuration. 6.) Know how to describe an electromagnetic wave and be able to relate it to the frequency and energy of electromagnetic radiation. 7.) Be able to calculate the wavelength given the frequency of an electromagnetic radiation, and vice versa. Chapter 6 Vocabulary Terms periodic law noble gases metals halogens nonmetals representative element metalloids transition metals alkali metals atomic radius ion cation anion ionization energy electronegativity Topics to Know 1.) Know how the modern periodic table was developed and Mendeleev’s and Moseley’s contribution. 2.) Know how the periodic table is divided up into the different blocks. 3.) Know the how the periods and groups are numbered. 4.) Know how to use the periodic table to write the electron configurations for different elements and ions. 5.) Know the periodic trends for atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity. 6.) Know the size differences between neutral atoms, cations, and anions. 7.) Know how cations and anions form.